Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
Historical Figures

William Walker Atkinson

Also Known As Yogi Ramacharaka A pen name, presented to readers as a Hindu teacher. It carries his books on yoga and breathing. · Theron Q. Dumont A pen name, carrying his books on concentration, memory and personal magnetism.
Occultists, Magicians & Esotericists

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An American lawyer turned New Thought writer, editor and publisher, born in 1862 and dead in 1932, who produced an enormous body of work under his own name and under at least a dozen pen names. As Yogi Ramacharaka he wrote the yoga and breathing manuals through which a generation of English-speaking readers met Indian practice; as Theron Q. Dumont he wrote on concentration and personal magnetism; and scholarship now assigns him The Kybalion of 1908, published anonymously by Three Initiates. His Yogi Publication Society in Chicago issued most of it. The habit of writing as somebody else is not incidental to him, and it is why his output was for decades read as the work of several different people.

Facts
Disputed
Notable Publication
The Kybalion (1908), published anonymously by Three Initiates 1
Philip Deslippe's The Kybalion: The Definitive Edition (TarcherPerigee, 2011) examined bibliographical evidence, publisher records and stylistic comparison with Atkinson's other confirmed pseudonymous New Thought writings, to attribute the anonymously published 1908 Kybalion to William Walker Atkinson specifically, and Deslippe's identification is now the standard scholarly position. Other accounts, resting on weaker circumstantial evidence such as shared social and publishing circles rather than direct bibliographical proof, have proposed Paul Foster Case or Michael Whitty as alternative or additional authors, but none of those proposals has displaced Deslippe's documented bibliographical case.
Identity
Also Known As
Yogi Ramacharaka, Theron Q. Dumont, Magus Incognito and Swami Bhakta Vishita, among other pen names 1
Gender
Male 1
Origins
Place of Origin
Baltimore, Maryland 1
Publications
Notable Publication
The Hindu-Yogi Science of Breath, written as Yogi Ramacharaka 2
Attestation
Historicity
Historically attested 1
Fully documented, with census, bar and publishing records as well as a large signed corpus.
Life
Lifespan or Floruit
1862 to 1932 1
Place of Activity
Chicago, as magazine editor and as publisher of the Yogi Publication Society 1
Learn More
The Man Behind the Pen Names

Atkinson was born in Baltimore in 1862, practised law in Pennsylvania, and by his own later account was broken by the pace of it. He credited his recovery to New Thought, moved to Chicago, edited New Thought magazine and then Advanced Thought, and founded the Yogi Publication Society.

What followed was one of the largest one-man operations in American metaphysical publishing. Under his own name he wrote on the law of attraction, on mental influence and on the subconscious. As Yogi Ramacharaka, presented to readers as a Hindu teacher, he wrote a shelf of books on hatha yoga, on the science of breath and on what he called raja yoga, and for decades these were among the most widely read English accounts of Indian practice, which makes them important whatever one concludes about their accuracy. As Theron Q. Dumont he wrote on concentration, personal magnetism and public speaking, and as Swami Bhakta Vishita and Magus Incognito he wrote on clairvoyance and on Rosicrucianism.

The pen names were not disclosed in his lifetime. Establishing which books are his has taken decades of bibliographical work on publishers' records, copyright registrations and internal evidence of style and argument. The picture is now reasonably settled, though not down to the last title, and a handful of works remain contested at the edges of the list.

The Kybalion, and Who the Three Initiates Were

The Kybalion appeared in Chicago in 1908, published anonymously by Three Initiates, and presented itself as the distilled teaching of Hermes Trismegistus preserved in an oral tradition. Its seven principles, mentalism, correspondence, vibration, polarity, rhythm, cause and effect, and gender, have been repeated in occult writing ever since, and they are what a great many modern readers mean when they say Hermeticism.

It was published by Atkinson's own Yogi Publication Society. Its vocabulary, its cadence and its arguments match his signed New Thought books closely, and Philip Deslippe's edition of 2011 sets out the bibliographical case for his authorship in detail. That attribution is the standard scholarly position and it is what the atlas records.

Standard is not unanimous. Some accounts add Paul Foster Case and Michael Whitty as the other two initiates; others read the three as a rhetorical device rather than as three people. The evidence for the additional names is markedly weaker than the evidence for Atkinson, so the atlas marks the ascription disputed rather than closed.

One further point is worth keeping in view. The Kybalion is a New Thought book of 1908, not an ancient Hermetic text, and its seven principles are not found in the Corpus Hermeticum. Saying so takes nothing away from its influence, which has been enormous, but it puts it in the right century and stops a modern synthesis being read as an ancient inheritance.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Attributed Works

Why this is disputed. The Kybalion was published anonymously in 1908 under the byline Three Initiates, presenting itself as a distillation of ancient Hermetic wisdom transmitted outside ordinary authorship. Philip Deslippe's critical edition identifies William Walker Atkinson, the New Thought writer and publisher behind the book's own Yogi Publication Society, as its actual author on stylistic and documentary grounds, the leading scholarly position today. Parts of the New Thought and Hermetic tradition continue to present the principle of Cause and Effect, that every cause has its effect and every effect its cause, as anonymous or timeless rather than as Atkinson's own early twentieth century formulation.

Source The Kybalion: The Definitive EditionPhilip Deslippe (ed.)

Why this is disputed. The Kybalion was published anonymously in 1908 under the byline Three Initiates, presenting itself as a distillation of ancient Hermetic wisdom transmitted outside ordinary authorship. Philip Deslippe's critical edition identifies William Walker Atkinson, the New Thought writer and publisher behind the book's own Yogi Publication Society, as its actual author on stylistic and documentary grounds, the leading scholarly position today. Parts of the New Thought and Hermetic tradition continue to present the principle of Correspondence, that what is below corresponds to what is above, as anonymous or timeless rather than as Atkinson's own early twentieth century formulation.

Source The Kybalion: The Definitive EditionPhilip Deslippe (ed.)
Gender, Hermetic Principles

Why this is disputed. The Kybalion was published anonymously in 1908 under the byline Three Initiates, presenting itself as a distillation of ancient Hermetic wisdom transmitted outside ordinary authorship. Philip Deslippe's critical edition identifies William Walker Atkinson, the New Thought writer and publisher behind the book's own Yogi Publication Society, as its actual author on stylistic and documentary grounds, the leading scholarly position today. Parts of the New Thought and Hermetic tradition continue to present the principle of Gender, that gender exists in everything and every plane has its masculine and feminine, as anonymous or timeless rather than as Atkinson's own early twentieth century formulation.

Source The Kybalion: The Definitive EditionPhilip Deslippe (ed.)

Why this is disputed. The Kybalion was published anonymously in 1908 under the byline Three Initiates, presenting itself as a distillation of ancient Hermetic wisdom transmitted outside ordinary authorship. Philip Deslippe's critical edition identifies William Walker Atkinson, the New Thought writer and publisher behind the book's own Yogi Publication Society, as its actual author on stylistic and documentary grounds, the leading scholarly position today. Parts of the New Thought and Hermetic tradition continue to present the principle of Mentalism, that the cosmos is mental, held within a universal mind, as anonymous or timeless rather than as Atkinson's own early twentieth century formulation.

Source The Kybalion: The Definitive EditionPhilip Deslippe (ed.)

Why this is disputed. The Kybalion was published anonymously in 1908 under the byline Three Initiates, presenting itself as a distillation of ancient Hermetic wisdom transmitted outside ordinary authorship. Philip Deslippe's critical edition identifies William Walker Atkinson, the New Thought writer and publisher behind the book's own Yogi Publication Society, as its actual author on stylistic and documentary grounds, the leading scholarly position today. Parts of the New Thought and Hermetic tradition continue to present the principle of Polarity, that everything is dual and opposites are really only differing degrees of the same thing, as anonymous or timeless rather than as Atkinson's own early twentieth century formulation.

Source The Kybalion: The Definitive EditionPhilip Deslippe (ed.)
Rhythm, Hermetic Principles

Why this is disputed. The Kybalion was published anonymously in 1908 under the byline Three Initiates, presenting itself as a distillation of ancient Hermetic wisdom transmitted outside ordinary authorship. Philip Deslippe's critical edition identifies William Walker Atkinson, the New Thought writer and publisher behind the book's own Yogi Publication Society, as its actual author on stylistic and documentary grounds, the leading scholarly position today. Parts of the New Thought and Hermetic tradition continue to present the principle of Rhythm, that everything flows out and in and has its measured swing, as anonymous or timeless rather than as Atkinson's own early twentieth century formulation.

Source The Kybalion: The Definitive EditionPhilip Deslippe (ed.)

Why this is disputed. The Kybalion was published anonymously in 1908 under the byline Three Initiates by its own Yogi Publication Society, presenting itself as a distillation of ancient Hermetic wisdom transmitted outside ordinary authorship rather than a modern composition. Philip Deslippe's critical edition identifies William Walker Atkinson, the New Thought writer and publisher behind that same press, as its actual author on stylistic and documentary grounds, now the leading scholarly position. Parts of the New Thought and Hermetic tradition continue to present the book itself as anonymous or of ancient origin rather than as Atkinson's own early twentieth century synthesis.

Source The Kybalion: The Definitive EditionPhilip Deslippe (ed.)

Why this is disputed. The Kybalion was published anonymously in 1908 under the byline Three Initiates, presenting itself as a distillation of ancient Hermetic wisdom transmitted outside ordinary authorship. Philip Deslippe's critical edition identifies William Walker Atkinson, the New Thought writer and publisher behind the book's own Yogi Publication Society, as its actual author on stylistic and documentary grounds, the leading scholarly position today. Parts of the New Thought and Hermetic tradition continue to present the principle of Vibration, that nothing rests and everything moves and vibrates, as anonymous or timeless rather than as Atkinson's own early twentieth century formulation.

Source The Kybalion: The Definitive EditionPhilip Deslippe (ed.)

Belongs to Tradition

New Thought, Religions
Sources
1. The Kybalion: The Definitive Edition
Philip Deslippe (ed.), TarcherPerigee, 2011
2. New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought
Wouter J. Hanegraaff, Brill, 1996View the Source
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