Home›Sources›Dunkley, The Suppression of Leonard Howell in Late Colonial Jamaica, 1932-1954 (New West Indian Guide, 2013)SourcesDunkley, The Suppression of Leonard Howell in Late Colonial Jamaica, 1932-1954 (New West Indian Guide, 2013)D.A. DunkleyCitation FormatsGeneral ReferenceGeneral Reference Citation TextDivinity Atlas. "Dunkley, The Suppression of Leonard Howell in Late Colonial Jamaica, 1932-1954 (New West Indian Guide, 2013)." Accessed August 30, 2026. https://dev-divinity.interactiveatlas.org/sources/dunkley-suppression-leonard-howell-late-colonial-jamaica-1932-1954.Copy General ReferenceAPA StyleAPA Style Citation TextDivinity Atlas. (n.d.). Dunkley, The Suppression of Leonard Howell in Late Colonial Jamaica, 1932-1954 (New West Indian Guide, 2013). Retrieved August 30, 2026, from https://dev-divinity.interactiveatlas.org/sources/dunkley-suppression-leonard-howell-late-colonial-jamaica-1932-1954Copy APA StyleBibTeXBibTeX Citation Text@misc{divinityatlas-dunkley-the-suppression-of-leonard-howel, author = {Divinity Atlas}, title = {Dunkley, The Suppression of Leonard Howell in Late Colonial Jamaica, 1932-1954 (New West Indian Guide, 2013)}, year = {2026}, url = {https://dev-divinity.interactiveatlas.org/sources/dunkley-suppression-leonard-howell-late-colonial-jamaica-1932-1954}, note = {Accessed August 30, 2026} }Copy BibTeXD.A. Dunkley, a historian at the University of the West Indies, traces the colonial government's efforts to suppress Leonard Howell across more than two decades, from his 1932 return to Jamaica preaching Haile Selassie's divinity through his 1937 founding of the Ethiopian Salvation Society to his establishment of the first Rastafari community in the hills of St. Catherine Parish around 1940, and the raids that followed.FactsCross-Tradition ConnectionsClaims Backed By This Source (9 claims)Comments (0)Reader Challenges (0 open reader challenges)FactsCitationAuthorWell-attestedD.A. DunkleyPublisherWell-attestedNew West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische GidsURLWell-attestedhttps://brill.com/view/journals/nwig/87/1-2/article-p62_4.xmlSource TypeWell-attestedpeer-reviewed articleAssessmentReliability TierWell-attested1A peer reviewed academic journal article in New West Indian Guide, tier 1, matching the tier the map gives comparable peer reviewed scholarship, used here for the 1940 founding of Pinnacle within the wider campaign against Howell, corroborated by the Jamaica National Heritage Trust's own record of the site.Cross-Tradition ConnectionsAssociated WithJamaica, Countries Well-attested This source names Jamaica directly: "two decades, from his 1932 return to Jamaica preaching Haile Selassie's divinity through his 1937 founding of the Ethiopian Salvation Society to his establishment of the first Rastafari community in..."Source Dunkley, The Suppression of Leonard Howell in Late Colonial Jamaica, 1932-1954 (New West Indian Guide, 2013)D.A. Dunkleytier 1Rastafari, Religions Well-attested This source names Rastafari directly: "to his establishment of the first Rastafari community in the hills of St."Source Dunkley, The Suppression of Leonard Howell in Late Colonial Jamaica, 1932-1954 (New West Indian Guide, 2013)D.A. Dunkleytier 1Claims Backed By This Source (9 claims)This source backs 9 claims across the atlas. As facts: 6 well-attested. As cited relationships: 2 holds. Plus 1 entities citing it as a general reference with no single fact or relationship attached.Disposition By TopicSources, 8 claims: 6 well-attested, 2 holds.Spread Events, 1 claims: 1 general references.Well-attested6SourcesDunkley, The Suppression of Leonard Howell in Late Colonial Jamaica, 1932-1954 (New West Indian Guide, 2013)Holds2SourcesDunkley, The Suppression of Leonard Howell in Late Colonial Jamaica, 1932-1954 (New West Indian Guide, 2013)General References1Spread EventsLeonard Howell Founds the Pinnacle CommuneComments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0 open reader challenges)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.View At A Past YearThe atlas records no dated fact of its own for this entry, so there is no other year to choose.Show This Year