Home›Sources›Alchemy, Medicine, Religion in the China of A.D. 320: The Nei Pien of Ko Hung (James R. Ware)SourcesAlchemy, Medicine, Religion in the China of A.D. 320: The Nei Pien of Ko Hung (James R. Ware)sourceCitation FormatsGeneral ReferenceGeneral Reference Citation TextDivinity Atlas. "Alchemy, Medicine, Religion in the China of A.D. 320: The Nei Pien of Ko Hung (James R. Ware)." Accessed August 30, 2026. https://dev-divinity.interactiveatlas.org/sources/ware-alchemy-medicine-religion-baopuzi.Copy General ReferenceAPA StyleAPA Style Citation TextDivinity Atlas. (n.d.). Alchemy, Medicine, Religion in the China of A.D. 320: The Nei Pien of Ko Hung (James R. Ware). Retrieved August 30, 2026, from https://dev-divinity.interactiveatlas.org/sources/ware-alchemy-medicine-religion-baopuziCopy APA StyleBibTeXBibTeX Citation Text@misc{divinityatlas-alchemy-medicine-religion-in-the-china-o, author = {Divinity Atlas}, title = {Alchemy, Medicine, Religion in the China of A.D. 320: The Nei Pien of Ko Hung (James R. Ware)}, year = {2026}, url = {https://dev-divinity.interactiveatlas.org/sources/ware-alchemy-medicine-religion-baopuzi}, note = {Accessed August 30, 2026} }Copy BibTeXJames R. Ware's Alchemy, Medicine, Religion in the China of A.D. 320, published by MIT Press, is the standard English critical translation of the Nei Pien (Inner Chapters) of the Baopuzi, Ge Hong's fourth century compendium of Daoist alchemical, medical and immortality-seeking practice, with an introduction situating the text in its historical and religious context.FactsClaims Backed By This Source (25 claims)Comments (0)Reader Challenges (0 open reader challenges)FactsCitationAuthorWell-attestedJames R. Ware, translatorPublisherWell-attestedMIT Press, Cambridge, MassachusettsPublication YearWell-attested1966Source TypeWell-attestedcritical translationAssessmentReliability TierWell-attested1The standard university press critical translation of the Inner Chapters, still the reference English edition for the text's alchemical and religious content.Claims Backed By This Source (25 claims)This source backs 25 claims across the atlas. As facts: 20 well-attested. As cited relationships: 2 holds. Plus 3 entities citing it as a general reference with no single fact or relationship attached.Disposition By TopicEsoteric Texts, 15 claims: 11 well-attested, 2 holds, 2 general references.Sources, 6 claims: 6 well-attested.Articles, 4 claims: 3 well-attested, 1 general references.Well-attested20ArticlesThe Alchemist Who Kept Two Different BooksEsoteric TextsBaopuziSourcesAlchemy, Medicine, Religion in the China of A.D. 320: The Nei Pien of Ko Hung (James R. Ware)Holds2Esoteric TextsBaopuziGeneral References3ArticlesThe Alchemist Who Kept Two Different BooksEsoteric TextsBaopuziComments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0 open reader challenges)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.View At A Past YearThe atlas records no dated fact of its own for this entry, so there is no other year to choose.Show This Year