This article records tradition as it has been passed down and reported. Its sources are not yet part of the atlas's verified catalogue.
Islam reaches Iberia in April 711, when an Umayyad force under Tariq ibn Ziyad crosses from North Africa and defeats the Visigothic king Roderic. That single engagement broke the Visigothic kingdom's central authority, and Umayyad forces spent the following seven years pressing the advantage, completing the conquest of most of the Iberian peninsula by 718 and founding what would become al Andalus.
Tariq ibn Ziyad carried the crossing and the opening victory himself, but the conquest that followed was a sustained campaign rather than a single stroke: city after city and region after region came under Umayyad control across those seven years, in a pattern closer to the province by province campaigns that had already carried Islam into Syria, Egypt and Persia than to any single decisive battle deciding the whole peninsula at once.
What changed for Islam's spread is a foothold in Western Europe itself, on the far side of the Mediterranean from where the tradition had begun barely a century before. Al Andalus, the polity that grew from this conquest, would go on to become one of the most enduring and consequential centers of Islamic rule and learning in Europe, its own history running for centuries after this founding crossing.