Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
Veintenas

Toxcatl

Veintenas

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Origin 1200 to 1521

The fifth veintena, centered on the sacrifice of a young man who had spent the preceding year living as the honored, temple maintained impersonator of Tezcatlipoca, walking the city as the god's living image before his sacrifice atop the temple. Among the most fully documented Mexica rites, described at length by both Sahagun's informants and by Duran.

Facts
Origins
Origin Period
1200 to 1521 1
Origin Period
Late Postclassic Period, the Aztec Triple Alliance, kept in living informant memory through Sahagun's mid sixteenth century interviews. 1
Place of Origin
Central Mexico, the Basin of Mexico and the wider Nahuatl speaking highlands under the Aztec Triple Alliance of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco and Tlacopan. 1
Origin of the Name
The Nahuatl name recorded here, Toxcatl, follows the spelling given by Sahagun's informants and set down in the Florentine Codex by Spanish trained scribes; other colonial sources and modern transliterations spell it differently. 2
Language
Classical Nahuatl 3
Identity
Position
5 of 19 1
Disputed
Approximate Gregorian Span
Late April into mid May 1
Scholars have proposed several correlations between the xiuhpohualli year and the Gregorian calendar. The month range given here follows one widely reproduced reconstruction and is offered for relative placement only, not as a settled date: the 365 day count carried no intercalated leap day, so its alignment with the solar year is understood to have drifted across the centuries of its use, and colonial era testimony was recorded decades after the practice had ended.
Attributions
Day Count
20 Days 1
Ruling Deity
Tezcatlipoca 2
Observance
Principal Festival
Sacrifice of the year's Tezcatlipoca impersonator 2
Meaning
Literal Meaning
Dryness 3
Status
Standing as a Comparative Category
A standard analytic category in the study of religion 1
Cross-Tradition Connections

Belongs to Tradition

Source The Aztecs (Smith, 3rd edition)Michael E. Smith

Under Patronage Of

Tezcatlipoca, Deities

Toxcatl's ruling deity is recorded as Tezcatlipoca.

Source The Aztecs (Smith, 3rd edition)Michael E. Smith
Sources
1. The Aztecs (Smith, 3rd edition)
Michael E. Smith, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012The chapter on Aztec religion and ritualView the Source
2. Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain
Bernardino de Sahagun; translated by Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble, School of American Research and University of Utah Press, 1950Book 2, The Ceremonies, the chapter devoted to this veintenaView the Source
3. Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Nahuatl Mind
Miguel Leon-Portilla, University of Oklahoma Press, 1963View the Source
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