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Captivity Leads to an Empire's Translation Bureau

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Captivity Leads to an Empire's Translation Bureau

This article records tradition as it has been passed down and reported. Its sources are not yet part of the atlas's verified catalogue.

Kumarajiva was captured when Chinese forces seized his home city of Kucha in 383, a documented forced departure distinct from a scholar traveling east by his own choice, and spent nearly two decades before he was finally brought to the Chinese capital Chang'an in 401. The ruling house there granted him the honorific title National Preceptor and set him to head a famous school of translators, a documented elevation from captive to imperially sponsored scholar rather than a status he had already carried with him from Kucha.

That translation bureau, working under his direction, produced Chinese renderings of Sanskrit Mahayana scripture that are documented as prolific and long regarded as unusually clear and readable, output that did more than any other single body of work to spread Buddhist scripture and philosophy in China. A monk raised across Kucha, Kashmir and Kashgar, ordained at twenty after his own conversion from Hinayana to Madhyamika teaching, ended his life directing an imperial project whose translations shaped Chinese Buddhism for centuries after his own death.

That a monk captured in a foreign conquest was eventually named National Preceptor and set to head an imperial translation bureau whose Chinese renderings of Mahayana scripture outlasted the empire that had captured him marks Kumarajiva's path from Kucha to Chang'an as a documented case where forced relocation became the occasion for the single most influential translation project in the spread of Buddhism into China.

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Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)
Sources
Encyclopedia of Religion
Mircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.), Macmillan Reference, 2005View the Source
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