Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
Sacred Objects & Ritual Items

Amulet

Also Known As Charm · phylactery · Charm, phylactery
Charms

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A worn or carried object for protection, against harm generally or against a specific danger, the evil eye, illness, misfortune in childbirth, drowning. Amulets are the most nearly universal class of religious object there is, and they are frequently the point where official religion and household practice diverge, since clergy in several traditions have condemned them while the same clergy's congregations went on wearing them.

Egyptian faience amulets, the nazar of the eastern Mediterranean and Turkey, the Italian cornicello, the hamsa used by both Jews and Muslims across North Africa and the Levant, the Ethiopian scroll, the Thai takrut: the forms are local and the function is not. Many are objects that would be called jewellery if the wearer did not think they did something.

Facts
Use
Who May Handle It
Anyone; it is offered to the public 1
Consecration
Not consecrated; an instrument, not a consecrated object 1
Attributions
Tradition
Widespread across traditions 1
Physical Form
Material
Metal, stone, faience, cloth, paper 1
Identity
Category of Sacred Object
Charm 1
Learn More
The Charm That Wards Off Harm

The amulet is a worn or carried object for protection, against harm in general or against a specific danger, and it is one of the most nearly universal of all religious objects.

Defence, not attraction

An amulet is carried or worn to protect its bearer, against the evil eye, illness, misfortune in childbirth, drowning, the spirits of a place, or harm at large, and this protective, defensive direction is what distinguishes it from the talisman, which is made to attract good rather than to fend off ill. The amulet may be almost anything credited with protective power, a stone, a written charm, a bead, a piece of coral, a hand or an eye figure, and it is often worn at the neck or fixed where the danger is feared. Its use is old beyond record and spread across virtually every culture.

A shared human practice

Because the wish to be protected from unseen harm is so widespread, the amulet appears in nearly every tradition, from the protective eye and hand of the Mediterranean and the Middle East to written charms drawing on scripture in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, to the countless local objects of folk practice, so it is less the property of any one religion than a common feature of human religious life. Official theologies have often regarded amulets with suspicion, drawing a line between legitimate blessing and mere superstition or magic, yet the objects persist across and beneath the formal traditions. The amulet is thus both ubiquitous and perennially contested, an object the great traditions neither fully endorse nor manage to suppress.

Why the Material Itself Is Believed to Do the Work

An amulet's material is frequently the whole of its claimed power, rather than an engraving or a spoken blessing added afterward, blue faience and turquoise carried across the Mediterranean and Middle East specifically as wards against the evil eye, red coral given to children in Italy, and the hamsa hand shape rendered in metal across both Jewish and Islamic folk practice.

Makers and specific uses

Jewelers, folk healers and, in some cultures, specific religious specialists produce amulets, and inscribed versions, carrying a Quranic verse, a Psalm, or an apotropaic symbol, require a literate specialist rather than a general craftsman. Infants and young children are a major and specific use case across many cultures, since they were widely considered especially vulnerable to harm, which is why so many surviving amulet traditions include a distinct smaller form made specifically for a child rather than scaled down adult jewelry.

What happens to a worn or broken one

Because a protective amulet is often believed to have absorbed harm on the wearer's behalf over time, several folk traditions treat a worn out or broken one as unsuitable for the household rubbish, instead burying it, returning it to a folk healer, or otherwise disposing of it deliberately rather than discarding it the way an ordinary broken ornament would be.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Belongs to Tradition

Source The Oxford Dictionary of World ReligionsJohn Bowker (ed.)
Islam, Religions
Source The Oxford Dictionary of World ReligionsJohn Bowker (ed.)
Judaism, Religions
Source The Oxford Dictionary of World ReligionsJohn Bowker (ed.)

Contrasts With

The distinction is the direction of the work. A talisman is active and draws something toward the bearer; an amulet is defensive and keeps something away. The two words are used interchangeably in casual speech and the distinction is worth keeping.

Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)

Element Of

Muridiyya, Religious Orders

Murid marabouts write protective texts for their followers, one of the services that binds the disciple to the shaykh.

Qadiriyya Order, Religious Orders

Qadiri shaykhs in West Africa write protective texts for petitioners, a service that is part of what a marabout is understood to do.

Tijaniyyah, Religious Orders

Tijani shaykhs in West Africa write protective texts for petitioners, part of what a marabout is understood to do.

Rejected Here

Salafism, Denominations

Salafi teaching classes the wearing of an amulet as associating a partner with God, citing the prophetic condemnation of the tamima, and the objection extends to any object worn to avert harm.

Wahhabism, Denominations

Amulets were among the objects the Najdi reform removed by hand, and the campaign against them is recorded from the movement's first generation.

Source The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi ArabiaDavid Commins

Related To

A gris-gris is an amulet in the strict sense: a packet worn on the body to guard against harm, holding in its West African form a written Quranic verse or other words of power.

Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)

The nazar of the eastern Mediterranean and Turkey is among the most widely made amulets there is, worn against the evil eye.

Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)
Sources
1. Encyclopedia of Religion
Mircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.), Macmillan Reference, 2005on amulets across traditionsView the Source
The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
John Bowker (ed.), Oxford University Press, 1997on protective charmsView the Source
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