Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
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Djibouti

Also Known As Djiboutian
Africa

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Djibouti is a nearly uniformly Sunni Muslim country, around 94 per cent of the population, at the mouth of the Red Sea where Somali and Afar communities share a common Islamic identity that predates the modern state by centuries; a small Christian minority, mostly Ethiopian Orthodox, Roman Catholic and Protestant, along with tiny Shia Muslim, Hindu, Jewish and Baha'i communities, make up the rest. The constitution names Islam as the state religion outright while guaranteeing equality before the law for people of every faith, a combination that sets Djibouti apart from neighboring Somalia and Ethiopia, whose constitutions declare no state religion at all. Every religious group, foreign or domestic, must register with the Ministry of the Interior, which conducts a lengthy background investigation covering a group's leadership, its sources of finance, its stated objectives and any ties to organizations the government considers extremist or to unfriendly foreign states before granting approval. Djibouti's strategic position on the Bab el Mandeb strait has made it host to foreign military bases from several nations, and the government has treated religious registration partly as a security screen against the same instability that has spread through the wider Horn of Africa.

Facts
Law and State
Establishment Status
Established 1
State Funding Mechanism
The Ministry of Islamic Affairs and Waqfs owns mosque properties and other Islamic assets outright, and imams at major mosques are civil service employees whose salaries the government pays directly. A decree executing the law on state control of mosques formalized this arrangement, converting imams into government employees and transferring mosque property to state ownership. 1
Registration or Recognition Regime
Every religious group, foreign or domestic, must register with the Ministry of the Interior, which conducts a lengthy background investigation covering the group's leadership, its sources of finance, its stated objectives and any ties to organizations the government considers extremist or to unfriendly foreign states. 1
Ban or Official Watchlist
Djibouti restricts religious practice to private settings and keeps every foreign religious group on a yearly renewable permit. The constitution names Islam the religion of the state while guaranteeing legal equality to other faiths, and public proselytizing by any faith is illegal; non-Islamic groups may hold services and teach on their own private property, but avoid public spaces such as hotels or street corners because a violation summons the police. Every foreign religious organization must sign a one-year agreement detailing its permitted activities, its workers must hold work permits and residency cards, and the group must file quarterly reports with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and renew its agreement annually, a standing administrative watch that keeps every non-Islamic religious presence in the country provisional. 1
Concordat Basis
Djibouti has no concordat with the Holy See. Article 1 of the 1992 Constitution as amended through 2010 states that Islam is the Religion of the State, while the same article assures equality before the law regardless of religion. 3
Government
Capital
Djibouti 2
Government Type
semi-presidential republic 2
Sovereignty Status
Sovereign UN member state 2
Established Year
1977 2
Status
Legal Status
The constitution names Islam as the state religion while guaranteeing equality before the law for people of every faith. 1
Demographics
Religious Composition
About 94 per cent Sunni Muslim, with the remaining 6 per cent made up of Shia Muslims, Roman Catholics, Protestants, Ethiopian Orthodox Christians and small Hindu, Jewish and Baha'i communities (US Department of State, International Religious Freedom Report). 1
Geography
Latitude
11.5 degrees north 2
Longitude
43 degrees east 2
Location
Location of Djibouti Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Eswatini Ethiopia Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Polynesia Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guam Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kuwait Laos Latvia Lebanon Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican City Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
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Religion and History in Djibouti

This article records tradition as it has been passed down and reported. Its sources are not yet part of the atlas's verified catalogue.

Djibouti is a nearly uniformly Sunni Muslim country, around 94 per cent of the population, at the mouth of the Red Sea where Somali and Afar communities share a common Islamic identity that predates the modern state by centuries. A small Christian minority, mostly Ethiopian Orthodox, Roman Catholic and Protestant, along with tiny Shia Muslim, Hindu, Jewish and Baha'i communities, make up the rest, and the constitution names Islam the religion of the state outright while still guaranteeing equality before the law for people of every faith, a combination that sets Djibouti apart from neighboring Somalia and Ethiopia, whose constitutions declare no state religion at all.

Djibouti's strategic position on the Bab el Mandeb strait has made it host to foreign military bases from several nations, and the government has treated religious registration partly as a security screen against the instability that has spread through the wider Horn of Africa. Imams at major mosques are civil service employees whose salaries the government pays directly, and the Ministry of Islamic Affairs and Waqfs owns mosque properties and other Islamic assets outright, a degree of state administration of Islam unusual even among Muslim-majority states.

Djibouti's Registration Regime and a Security Screen

This article records tradition as it has been passed down and reported. Its sources are not yet part of the atlas's verified catalogue.

Every religious group in Djibouti, foreign or domestic, must register with the Ministry of the Interior, which conducts a lengthy background investigation covering a group's leadership, its sources of finance, its stated objectives and any ties to organizations the government considers extremist or to unfriendly foreign states before granting approval. Public proselytizing by any faith is illegal, and non-Islamic groups may hold services and teach on their own private property but avoid public spaces such as hotels or street corners because a violation summons the police.

Every foreign religious organization must sign a one-year agreement detailing its permitted activities, its workers must hold work permits and residency cards, and the group must file quarterly reports with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and renew its agreement annually, a standing administrative watch that keeps every non-Islamic religious presence in the country provisional. This regime sits inside a constitution that names Islam the religion of the state while still assuring equality before the law regardless of religion, a combination the registration apparatus is built to manage rather than resolve.

Sources
1. International Religious Freedom Report
United States Department of State, Office of International Religious Freedom, US Department of State, 20232018-2020 Reports on International Religious Freedom: DjiboutiView the Source
2. The World Factbook (Central Intelligence Agency)
Central Intelligence Agency, Central Intelligence AgencyView the Source
3. Djibouti 1992 (rev. 2010) Constitution (Constitute Project)
Republic of Djibouti, Constitute ProjectView the Source
The Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd edition
Oxford University Press, Oxford University Pressdemonym / adjectival formView the Source
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