Eid al-Fitr, 1 Shawwal

Eid al-Fitr falls on the first of Shawwal by the tabular reckoning this rule uses, marking the end of the Ramadan fast, and the tabular date is a civil convention rather than a report of the moon itself, so communities that wait for a sighted crescent have historically celebrated the feast a day apart from each other and from the fixed table. What distinguishes Eid al-Fitr from an ordinary end of a fast is a specific obligation attached to it, zakat al-fitr, a fixed charitable payment in food or its cash equivalent that is owed by or on behalf of every Muslim household before the Eid prayer is performed, understood as purifying the fast of any lapse and ensuring the poor can share in the feast rather than being excluded from it.

The Eid prayer itself, performed in congregation shortly after sunrise, has no call to prayer preceding it in the ordinary manner and includes extra invocations of takbir not found in the five daily prayers, a distinctive form that marks the day as set apart. Because the tabular date and the sighted date can diverge, and because sighting committees in different countries do not always agree even with each other, Eid al-Fitr is one of the few Islamic dates that can visibly fall on different Gregorian days in neighboring countries in the same year, a divergence rooted directly in the two methods this rule's own kind value distinguishes.