Sources

The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition

Citation Formats

General Reference

Divinity Atlas. "The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition." Accessed August 30, 2026. https://dev-divinity.interactiveatlas.org/sources/the-encyclopaedia-of-islam-2nd-edition.

APA Style

Divinity Atlas. (n.d.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition. Retrieved August 30, 2026, from https://dev-divinity.interactiveatlas.org/sources/the-encyclopaedia-of-islam-2nd-edition

BibTeX

@misc{divinityatlas-the-encyclopaedia-of-islam-2nd-edition,
  author = {Divinity Atlas},
  title = {The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://dev-divinity.interactiveatlas.org/sources/the-encyclopaedia-of-islam-2nd-edition},
  note = {Accessed August 30, 2026}
}

This is a multi volume reference now in its second edition, with signed entries each carrying its own bibliography so a reader can trace a specific claim back to the specialist scholarship behind it, rather than an anonymous summary asking to be trusted on the strength of the set's reputation alone. That per entry attribution and citation trail is the real basis for treating it as a strong source. This record has not independently traced a documented history of scholarly disagreement with any specific entry. It is a strong source for established historical, biographical and doctrinal facts across Sunni, Shia and other Islamic traditions; it documents what is known and taught, not a ruling on theological truth.

Facts

Assessment

Reliability Tier

A standard multi volume scholarly reference on the Islamic world from an academic publisher, with signed, peer reviewed entries on theology, law, biography and history across Sunni, Shia and other traditions.

Notes

The standard multi-volume scholarly reference on the history, geography, ethnography and civilization of the Islamic world, covering theology, law, sects, biography, dynasties, places and institutions from the rise of Islam to the modern period. Entries are signed, peer-reviewed scholarship with bibliography. Use for established historical, biographical and doctrinal facts across Sunni, Shia and other Islamic traditions; it documents what is known and taught, not a ruling on theological truth.

Citation

Author

P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs (eds.)

Publisher

Brill

Publication Year

2005

URL

https://brill.com/display/serial/EIE?language=en

Source Type

reference

Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

Sunni

This source names Sunni directly: "and doctrinal facts across Sunni, Shia and other Islamic traditions; it documents what is known and taught, not a ruling on theological truth."

Source The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd editionP. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs (eds.)

Claims Backed By This Source (2,305 claims)

This source backs 2,305 claims across the atlas. As facts: 1,492 well-attested, 48 scholarly debate, 5 open question. As cited relationships: 330 holds, 30 connected, 15 critiqued Here, 5 rejected Here, 8 held Differently. Plus 372 entities citing it as a general reference with no single fact or relationship attached.

Disposition By Topic

Articles, 320 claims: 286 well-attested, 4 holds, 3 connected, 27 general references.
Figures, 202 claims: 170 well-attested, 4 scholarly debate, 5 holds, 23 general references.
Denominations, 181 claims: 89 well-attested, 60 holds, 8 connected, 4 critiqued Here, 5 rejected Here, 3 held Differently, 12 general references.
Historical Figures, 167 claims: 91 well-attested, 26 scholarly debate, 4 open question, 18 holds, 28 general references.
Rituals, 122 claims: 87 well-attested, 17 holds, 18 general references.
Doctrines, 107 claims: 30 well-attested, 7 scholarly debate, 36 holds, 2 critiqued Here, 2 held Differently, 30 general references.
Sacred Sites, 87 claims: 66 well-attested, 10 holds, 11 general references.
Alphabet Letters, 86 claims: 57 well-attested, 1 scholarly debate, 28 general references.
Schools of Religious Law, 86 claims: 6 well-attested, 57 holds, 7 connected, 8 critiqued Here, 3 held Differently, 5 general references.
Islamic Months, 85 claims: 61 well-attested, 12 holds, 12 general references.
Holidays & Festivals, 80 claims: 62 well-attested, 8 holds, 10 general references.
Practices, 79 claims: 56 well-attested, 23 general references.
Observance Rules, 71 claims: 46 well-attested, 9 holds, 8 connected, 8 general references.
Religious Offices, 69 claims: 42 well-attested, 16 holds, 11 general references.
Scriptures & Texts, 64 claims: 46 well-attested, 2 scholarly debate, 8 holds, 8 general references.
Beliefs & Restrictions, 58 claims: 33 well-attested, 1 scholarly debate, 24 general references.
Open Questions, 50 claims: 38 well-attested, 2 holds, 4 connected, 6 general references.
Hymns & Liturgical Texts, 45 claims: 39 well-attested, 1 holds, 5 general references.
Mantras, 45 claims: 36 well-attested, 5 holds, 4 general references.
Religious Orders, 32 claims: 24 holds, 8 general references.
Mythical Creatures, 30 claims: 19 well-attested, 1 holds, 10 general references.
Other Writings, 27 claims: 18 well-attested, 6 holds, 3 general references.
Sacred Objects & Ritual Items, 21 claims: 8 well-attested, 2 scholarly debate, 6 holds, 5 general references.
Esoteric Texts, 18 claims: 7 well-attested, 6 holds, 5 general references.
Calendars, 15 claims: 14 well-attested, 1 general references.
Sacred Architecture, 14 claims: 1 well-attested, 7 holds, 6 general references.
Schools of Theology, 14 claims: 11 well-attested, 1 holds, 2 general references.
Virtues, 14 claims: 9 well-attested, 5 general references.
Religious Events, 13 claims: 6 well-attested, 2 scholarly debate, 1 holds, 4 general references.
Creeds & Confessions, 12 claims: 5 well-attested, 1 scholarly debate, 1 open question, 2 holds, 3 general references.
Religious Symbols, 12 claims: 11 well-attested, 1 general references.
Vices, 12 claims: 8 well-attested, 4 general references.
Religious Roles & Titles, 11 claims: 3 well-attested, 1 scholarly debate, 3 holds, 1 critiqued Here, 3 general references.
Prayers, 10 claims: 5 well-attested, 5 general references.
Pilgrimage Routes, 9 claims: 7 well-attested, 1 holds, 1 general references.
Sources, 9 claims: 8 well-attested, 1 holds.
Subcategories, 8 claims: 5 well-attested, 3 general references.
Cities, 4 claims: 2 well-attested, 1 holds, 1 general references.
Religious Dress & Vestments, 4 claims: 2 well-attested, 2 general references.
Days of the Week, 3 claims: 1 well-attested, 1 holds, 1 general references.
Deities, 2 claims: 1 holds, 1 general references.
Religions, 2 claims: 1 scholarly debate, 1 general references.
Sacred Foods, 2 claims: 1 well-attested, 1 general references.
Cultures, 1 claims: 1 general references.
Numbers, 1 claims: 1 general references.
Sacred Art & Iconography, 1 claims: 1 general references.