Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
Sources

Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)

Citation Formats

General Reference

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Encyclopaedia Britannica is a long running general reference encyclopedia, maintained today by its own editorial staff and revised continuously online. It sits a step below a peer reviewed academic reference because its entries, while carefully edited, are not written and vetted by a rotating body of subject specialist scholars the way a university press reference work is; it is a reputable secondary source rather than a primary scholarly one. Within the atlas it is used for ordinary, encyclopedia depth claims: a figure's basic biography, a place's geography, the broad political history behind a religious movement, the kind of general fact Britannica genuinely supports well. It is not the right citation for specialist, technical detail, such as manuscript or textual criticism scholarship, which needs a dedicated academic source instead; a spot check here found exactly that kind of mismatch once and it was corrected rather than left standing. This atlas also holds seven single-topic Britannica articles as separate records (the Palladium, the Emerald Tablet, the Emerald Buddha, Louangphrabang, the Church of St. Mary of Zion, Athanasius Kircher, and art conservation and restoration); each is one entry inside this same staff-edited project, so citing this general record alongside one of those articles, or citing two of those articles together, for the same claim is Britannica's own editorial voice appearing more than once, not two independent lines of evidence. It remains distinct from the atlas's separate Verified Biographies record, a narrower source reserved for a fact individually checked against a live, dated page, which is not a duplicate of this general use and is not folded into this lineage.

Facts
Assessment
Reliability Tier
2
A general purpose encyclopedia maintained by a professional editorial staff rather than peer reviewed original scholarship, reliable for encyclopedia depth claims but not for specialist technical detail, which keeps it one tier below a dedicated academic reference.
Notes
General reference encyclopedia (Encyclopaedia Britannica online). Originally recorded 2026-08-01 with a narrow scope of five sacred objects (the Ark of the Covenant, the Tablets of the Law, the Kaaba, the Menorah, Zulfiqar), which was true of its use at that moment. That scope was silently outrun within days: by 2026-08-06 the atlas held over 1,100 live facts across more than 30 entity types citing this source for ordinary encyclopedia-depth claims (biographical basics such as gender and lifespan, geography, political history, general religious background), the kind of general claim Britannica genuinely supports. Corrected 2026-08-06 after a ten-citation spot check against Britannica's own site confirmed the general pattern (the Taliban's Deobandi lineage, Acre's Ptolemais and Crusader history, the Ali or Zulfiqar saying, the Osroene kings who ruled from Edessa, the Kingdom of Judah's geography, Njinga's queenship, the Buddha's long-versus-short chronology debate) while also finding a real mismatch: the Romans manuscript-tradition fact naming the P46 Chester Beatty papyrus is textual-criticism detail no general Britannica article on Romans or early Christianity actually carries. Use this source for general, encyclopedia-depth claims only; a claim needing specialist-level technical support (manuscript and papyrological detail, for instance) is not covered by this note and should cite a dedicated specialist source instead, named as an open follow-on rather than fixed here. Distinct from the separate Encyclopaedia Britannica: Verified Biographies source, a narrower source reserved for biographical facts individually verified against a live, dedicated Britannica page on a stated date.
Citation
Author
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors
Publisher
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Publication Year
2024
URL
https://www.britannica.com/
Source Type
reference
Cross-Tradition Connections

Derived from This

This record's own Author and Publisher fields name Encyclopaedia Britannica's own editorial staff, not an individual named scholar, for its entry on Art Conservation and Restoration; one article inside that same continuously maintained project, not a witness independent of it.

Athanasius Kircher, Sources

This record's own Author and Publisher fields name Encyclopaedia Britannica's own editorial staff, not an individual named scholar, for its entry on Athanasius Kircher; one article inside that same continuously maintained project, not a witness independent of it.

Source Athanasius KircherEncyclopaedia Britannica editors

This record's own Author and Publisher fields name Encyclopaedia Britannica's own editorial staff, not an individual named scholar, for its entry on Church of St. Mary of Zion; one article inside that same continuously maintained project, not a witness independent of it.

Source Church of St. Mary of Zion (Encyclopaedia Britannica)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors

This record's own Author and Publisher fields name Encyclopaedia Britannica's own editorial staff, not an individual named scholar, for its entry on Emerald Buddha; one article inside that same continuously maintained project, not a witness independent of it.

Source Emerald Buddha (Encyclopaedia Britannica)Encyclopaedia Britannica

This record's own Author and Publisher fields name Encyclopaedia Britannica's own editorial staff, not an individual named scholar, for its entry on Emerald Tablet; one article inside that same continuously maintained project, not a witness independent of it.

Source Emerald Tablet (Encyclopaedia Britannica)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors

This record's own Author and Publisher fields name Encyclopaedia Britannica's own editorial staff, not an individual named scholar, for its entry on Louangphrabang; one article inside that same continuously maintained project, not a witness independent of it.

Source Louangphrabang (Encyclopaedia Britannica)Encyclopaedia Britannica

This record's own Author and Publisher fields name Encyclopaedia Britannica's own editorial staff, not an individual named scholar, for its entry on Palladium (Greek religion); one article inside that same continuously maintained project, not a witness independent of it.

Source Palladium (Greek religion), Encyclopaedia BritannicaEncyclopaedia Britannica
Claims Backed By This Source (8,216 claims)

This source backs 8,216 claims across the atlas. As facts: 5,656 well-attested, 1 partially Attested, 75 scholarly debate, 6 open question. As cited relationships: 593 holds, 62 connected, 1 critiqued Here. Plus 1,822 entities citing it as a general reference with no single fact or relationship attached.

Disposition By Topic

  • Sacred Sites, 2,009 claims: 1,467 well-attested, 98 holds, 444 general references.
  • Articles, 1,909 claims: 1,438 well-attested, 1 partially Attested, 143 holds, 44 connected, 283 general references.
  • Historical Figures, 730 claims: 460 well-attested, 33 scholarly debate, 4 open question, 40 holds, 193 general references.
  • Scholarly Disciplines, 486 claims: 361 well-attested, 2 holds, 123 general references.
  • Regions, 402 claims: 294 well-attested, 4 holds, 104 general references.
  • States & Territories, 357 claims: 246 well-attested, 7 scholarly debate, 47 holds, 3 connected, 54 general references.
  • Cities, 260 claims: 133 well-attested, 6 scholarly debate, 16 holds, 105 general references.
  • Figures, 248 claims: 168 well-attested, 3 scholarly debate, 18 holds, 59 general references.
  • Scripture Portions, 226 claims: 160 well-attested, 39 holds, 27 general references.
  • Practices, 181 claims: 134 well-attested, 4 scholarly debate, 14 holds, 1 connected, 28 general references.
  • Countries, 157 claims: 102 well-attested, 5 scholarly debate, 2 holds, 48 general references.
  • Cultures, 149 claims: 64 well-attested, 21 holds, 64 general references.
  • Organizations, 143 claims: 88 well-attested, 30 holds, 6 connected, 19 general references.
  • Denominations, 105 claims: 54 well-attested, 3 scholarly debate, 6 holds, 42 general references.
  • Alchemical Apparatus, 94 claims: 53 well-attested, 12 holds, 29 general references.
  • Rituals, 66 claims: 50 well-attested, 4 holds, 2 connected, 10 general references.
  • Holidays & Festivals, 59 claims: 41 well-attested, 2 scholarly debate, 7 holds, 9 general references.
  • Languages, 58 claims: 25 well-attested, 8 holds, 25 general references.
  • Sacred Objects & Ritual Items, 50 claims: 28 well-attested, 1 scholarly debate, 9 holds, 12 general references.
  • Open Questions, 48 claims: 38 well-attested, 3 connected, 7 general references.
  • Religions, 46 claims: 24 well-attested, 1 scholarly debate, 1 open question, 3 holds, 17 general references.
  • Custodians & Museums, 41 claims: 27 well-attested, 6 holds, 8 general references.
  • Religious Events, 40 claims: 19 well-attested, 5 scholarly debate, 4 holds, 12 general references.
  • Disciplines, 31 claims: 15 well-attested, 12 holds, 4 general references.
  • Glands, 28 claims: 21 well-attested, 7 general references.
  • Bodies of Water, 26 claims: 15 well-attested, 1 scholarly debate, 10 general references.
  • Pilgrimage Routes, 22 claims: 9 well-attested, 11 holds, 2 general references.
  • Culture Groups, 21 claims: 14 well-attested, 7 general references.
  • Empires & Polities, 21 claims: 12 well-attested, 9 general references.
  • Councils and Synods, 16 claims: 7 well-attested, 1 scholarly debate, 3 holds, 1 critiqued Here, 4 general references.
  • Esoteric Texts, 16 claims: 8 holds, 8 general references.
  • Performance Works, 16 claims: 10 well-attested, 1 scholarly debate, 3 holds, 2 general references.
  • Scripts & Magical Alphabets, 14 claims: 9 well-attested, 1 holds, 4 general references.
  • Doctrines, 13 claims: 8 well-attested, 2 holds, 3 general references.
  • Continents, 12 claims: 8 well-attested, 4 general references.
  • Deities, 12 claims: 8 well-attested, 3 holds, 1 general references.
  • Religious Organization & Structure, 10 claims: 8 well-attested, 1 holds, 1 general references.
  • Artifacts & Relics, 8 claims: 1 well-attested, 2 scholarly debate, 5 general references.
  • Metaphysical Positions, 8 claims: 5 well-attested, 1 holds, 2 general references.
  • Numbers, 8 claims: 8 general references.
  • Sacred Sound, 8 claims: 4 well-attested, 1 holds, 2 connected, 1 general references.
  • Sources, 8 claims: 8 well-attested.
  • Calendars, 7 claims: 4 holds, 3 general references.
  • Observance Rules, 7 claims: 5 well-attested, 1 connected, 1 general references.
  • Sacred Art & Iconography, 7 claims: 5 well-attested, 1 open question, 1 general references.
  • Metals, 4 claims: 3 well-attested, 1 general references.
  • Religious Roles & Titles, 4 claims: 3 holds, 1 general references.
  • Scriptures & Texts, 4 claims: 1 well-attested, 1 holds, 2 general references.
  • Subtle Energies, 4 claims: 2 well-attested, 1 holds, 1 general references.
  • Years, 4 claims: 2 holds, 2 general references.
  • Animals & Totems, 3 claims: 1 well-attested, 1 holds, 1 general references.
  • Mythical Creatures, 3 claims: 2 holds, 1 general references.
  • Religious Legal Instruments, 2 claims: 1 well-attested, 1 general references.
  • Textual Witnesses, 2 claims: 1 well-attested, 1 general references.
  • Wars & Conflicts, 2 claims: 1 well-attested, 1 general references.
  • Virtues, 1 claims: 1 general references.

Partially Attested

1

Holds

593

Animals & Totems

Articles

A La Jolla Conference Turns Ecology Toward Saving Species DeliberatelyA New Journal Asks What the Seventeenth Century Was Actually a Crisis OfA New Journal Gives Native Testimony a Place Beside the Colonial ArchiveA New Journal Gives Plant Chemistry Its Own AddressA Physics Laboratory in Oxford Starts Asking What Objects Are Made OfA San Francisco Conference Names the Study of Medicine People Actually UseA Taxi Ride Gives a Field Its NameAmsterdam Hosts a Congress and History of Religions Gets Its BodyAn Institute Opens in Addis Ababa and Gives the Field a Home of Its OwnAserinsky Watches Eyes Move Behind Closed Lids and Finds REM SleepAston Publishes the First English Study and Shinto Studies BeginsAurel Stein Sets Out Across the Taklamakan and a Buried Silk Road ReappearsBanister Fletcher Lines Up Every Style Side by SideBoeckh Starts Collecting Every Greek Inscription He Can FindBuchheim Builds a Laboratory in His Basement and Medicine Gets an Experimental ScienceBuhler Reads the Mathura Inscriptions and Proves the Jains Are AncientCambridge Scholars Found a Society to Investigate Rather Than AssumeColumbia Opens a School and Politics Becomes Its Own Subject to StudyCreighton Edits a New Review and Medieval Scholarship Gets a PeerCunningham Founds a Survey and South Asia Gets an ArchaeologyDavid Kahn Writes a Thousand Page History and Gives Cryptography Its Own PastDe Vries Rediscovers Mendel and Plant Genetics Becomes a ScienceDeissmann Reads the Papyri and Finds the New Testament Was Written in Everyday GreekEight Cities From Hittite Gods to Byzantine Councils and Sufi DevotionEight Cities Where One Church Was Founded, Defined and ContestedEight Iraqi Cities Carrying Four Thousand Years of Religious MemoryEight Tricksters From Eight Unrelated TraditionsEleven Rivers That Made Rather Than Merely Watered a ReligionElliot and Dowson Put India's Own Chroniclers Into One Continuous RecordFive Cities Carrying Three Thousand Years of Religious AuthorityFive Iranian Cities of Islam, Zoroastrianism and a New FaithFive State Bodies From Funded Research to Governing as a Religious StateFour Cities From a Cathedral See to a Cottage Where Wicca BeganFour Lakes With Four Entirely Separate Claims to SanctityFour State Membership Bodies Each Answering a Different Religious ProblemFourteen Indian Cities Recording Five Living TraditionsFrank Clarke Puts Every Known Rock Analysis Into One BookFriedrich August Wolf Names a Science of AntiquityGeorge Sarton Founds Isis and Gives Science Its Own HistoryGesenius Publishes a Dictionary That Compares Hebrew Against Its Whole Family

Showing 1 to 50 of 413 entities carrying this claim. Next

Connected

62

Articles

A Ministry Built to Replace the Sheikh ul-IslamA Museum That Is Also a Working Church InstitutionA Nishapur Polymath Solves Cubic Equations and Reforms a CalendarAfrican Studies: Reading a Tradition on the Continent's Own TermsAnthropology: Comparing Cultures Since Tylor's 1871 DefinitionApproval, and a Secret That Would Not Stay SecretArchaeochemistry: Tracing Composition Back to Its OriginArchaeology: Recovering the Past From the Ground ItselfAsian Studies: Reading a Tradition on the Continent's Own TermsBiology: Naming the Sacred Plant and the Sacrificial AnimalByzantine Liturgical History: How a Rite Entered Orthodox PracticeConservation Science: Keeping a Sacred Object From DecayDocumenting Prisoners of Conscience Held for Their FaithEarth Science: Dating the Ground Beneath a Sacred LandscapeGenetics: Testing a Tradition's Account of Its Own AncestryGeorge and Nancy Barna's Survey Research FirmGoran Persson's Stockholm Forum and Its 1998 FoundingHenry Dunant and the Founding of the Red CrossHistory of Art: Reading Devotion in Stone and PaintHistory: Testing a Tradition's Own Account Against the RecordHumanities: The Shared Ground Beneath Sacred TextJulius II's Sculpture Collection and the Making of the Vatican MuseumsLaw: How a Body Governs Itself by Its Own CodeLinguistics: Recovering a Scripture's Original WordingMathematics: The Deductive Method Behind Calendar and DivinationMaximin's Secret: The One That Was Never ToldMedicine: Separating the Treatment of the Body From the DivinePeter Benenson's Appeal and the Founding of Amnesty InternationalPsychology: Studying the Mind Behind a Religious ExperienceResearch Methodology: How to Test a Claim About ReligionRhetoric: Reading a Sermon by Its Own AppealsSocial Science: Studying How a Religious Institution Actually BehavesSteve Green's Collection and the Museum's 2017 OpeningTextile Conservation Science: Dating a Fabric by Its Fibers and DyesThe 1887 Concordat and Catholic Establishment in MonacoThe 1969 Rabat Summit and the Founding of the OICThe Collective Voice of the Muslim World, and What That Means in PracticeThe Geneva Conventions' Guarantee of Religion in WartimeThe Modern Legal Dispute Over Lingayat IdentityThe Smuggled Antiquities Case and Thousands of ReturnsThe Three Story Sextant and the Zij-i SultaniThe Weeping Woman on the MountainThree Generations of the Lilly Family and a Pharmaceutical FortuneTusi Persuades Hulagu, and the Zij-i Ilkhani Follows

Observance Rules

Practices

Showing 1 to 50 of 56 entities carrying this claim. Next

Critiqued Here

1

Councils and Synods

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