Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
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Japan

Also Known As Japanese
Asia

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Japan's religious life runs on a long standing coexistence of Shinto, an indigenous system of kami worship tied to nature and ancestry, and Buddhism, imported from the Asian mainland in the sixth century and elaborated into distinct schools including Zen, Pure Land and Nichiren traditions. Most households move between the two without treating them as exclusive, marking rites of passage in Shinto terms and funerals in Buddhist ones. Japan also developed influential esoteric strands including Shingon and Tendai Buddhism, brought from China in the ninth century, and later gave rise to Zen aesthetics that shaped calligraphy, gardens and the tea ceremony. Classical Japanese religious and literary texts, including court diaries and Buddhist commentary, were composed in a written register distinct from the spoken language of the day, tracked separately in the atlas under its own language entries.

Facts
Law and State
Establishment Status
Disestablished 3
Religion was constitutionally separated from the state in 1947, ending State Shinto.
State Funding Mechanism
Japan has no state funding mechanism for religion. Article 89 of the 1947 Constitution bars public money or property from being expended or appropriated for the use, benefit or maintenance of any religious institution or association, a deliberate break from prewar State Shinto's official patronage of shrines, reinforced by Article 20's separation of religion and state. The prohibition remains a live political fault line: proponents of constitutional revision have argued for carving out public funding of Shinto ritual, without success to date. 4
Registration or Recognition Regime
The Religious Corporations Law of 1951 lets a religious group incorporate for legal and tax purposes by applying to its prefectural governor, or to the national Agency for Cultural Affairs when its facilities span more than one prefecture. The law went forty four years without amendment until Aum Shinrikyo's 1995 sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway prompted a 1996 revision requiring far greater financial disclosure from religious corporations and expanding the authorities' power to inspect them; Aum itself lost its status as a religious corporation the same year under a dissolution order the Tokyo High Court upheld. 5
Ban or Official Watchlist
Japan does not ban religious movements outright but has moved directly against two by name. On 13 March 2025 the Tokyo District Court ordered the dissolution, as a legal religious corporation, of the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification, the renamed Unification Church, after the government petitioned under the Religious Corporations Act following the 2022 assassination of former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, which was tied to the group's fundraising practices; the order strips the group's tax and property privileges without banning its members from practicing. 6
Ban or Official Watchlist
Separately, Aum Shinrikyo, the group behind the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack, and its successor Aleph have been under continuous state surveillance since the 1999 Act on the Prevention of Recurrence of Indiscriminate Mass Murder, sometimes called the anti-Aum Act, which lets the Public Security Intelligence Agency monitor a group's officials and members and empowers the confiscation of its property to compensate victims. The restriction has been renewed repeatedly in three-year cycles, most recently extended again, keeping the successor movement under formal watch three decades after the attack. 7
Concordat BasisSourced to the subject's own account
Japan holds no concordat with the Holy See. Full diplomatic relations were established in 1942, during the Second World War, under Emperor Showa, making Japan the first Asian state to hold full relations with the Holy See; the decision was made partly in hope that the Vatican could help open channels to the Allied powers. The relationship has been maintained through an apostolic nunciature in Tokyo and a Japanese embassy to the Holy See ever since, without a bilateral treaty of any kind. 8
Government
Capital
Tokyo 2
Government Type
parliamentary constitutional monarchy 2
Sovereignty Status
Sovereign UN member state 2
Established Year
1947 2
3 May 1947 (current constitution adopted as amendment to Meiji Constitution); notable earlier dates: 11 February 660 B.C. (mythological date of Emperor JIMMU founding the nation); 29 November 1890 (Meiji Constitution provides for constitutional monarchy)
Status
Legal Status
Religion constitutionally separated from the state since 1947, ending State Shinto; new religious movements are legally free to organize, subject to civil oversight tightened after the 1995 Aum Shinrikyo subway attack. 3
Demographics
Religious Composition
By strict self-identification a majority religiously unaffiliated, though most participate in both Shinto and Buddhist rites without exclusive identification (Pew Research Center, Religious Composition of the World, 2010-2020). 1
Geography
Latitude
36.2 degrees north 2
Approximate reference point, rounded to one decimal place; a country's extent has no single center, so this coordinate is conventional, not a survey measurement.
Longitude
138.3 degrees east 2
Approximate reference point, rounded to one decimal place; a country's extent has no single center, so this coordinate is conventional, not a survey measurement.
Location
Location of Japan Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Eswatini Ethiopia Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Polynesia Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Guam Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kuwait Laos Latvia Lebanon Libya Lithuania Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican City Venezuela Vietnam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
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Religion and History in Japan

Japanese religious life is often described as syncretic rather than exclusive: most people participate in both Shinto rites, such as New Year shrine visits and life-cycle blessings, and Buddhist rites, especially funerals and ancestor memorials, without treating these as competing exclusive identities, which is why survey figures vary enormously depending on whether they measure formal affiliation or ritual participation.

Pew Research's Religious Composition of the World, 2010-2020 places a large majority of Japan's population in the religiously unaffiliated category by strict self-identification, even though most participate in Shinto and Buddhist observances. Shinto, Japan's indigenous tradition centered on kami, spirits associated with natural features, ancestors and local shrines, has no single founder or scripture and was formally separated from the state after 1945, having been mobilized as State Shinto to underpin nationalist ideology and emperor worship from the Meiji era of 1868 through the Second World War.

Buddhism arrived from Korea and China in the sixth century CE and developed distinct schools, including Zen, Pure Land and the esoteric Shingon school founded by Kukai in the ninth century. Christianity, introduced by Jesuit missionaries in 1549, was violently suppressed under the Tokugawa shogunate from the 1620s until religious freedom was restored in the Meiji era.

State Shinto and Postwar Religious Freedom

Japan's 1947 constitution, drafted under Allied occupation, separates religion from the state and disestablished Shinto after its use as State Shinto had bound emperor worship, nationalist ideology and shrine ritual together in the decades before 1945; the emperor's January 1946 declaration of humanity formally renounced the notion of divine imperial descent central to that ideology.

Yasukuni Shrine in Tokyo, which enshrines Japan's war dead including convicted Class A war criminals from the Second World War, remains a recurring diplomatic flashpoint whenever sitting officials visit in an official capacity, since China and South Korea view such visits as endorsing wartime militarism. New religious movements proliferated in the postwar decades under the constitution's guarantee of religious freedom, most prominently Soka Gakkai, a lay Buddhist movement historically linked to the Komeito political party, and less happily Aum Shinrikyo, whose 1995 sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway killed thirteen people and triggered a national reassessment of new religious movements. A 2022 assassination linked to grievances against the Unification Church prompted fresh government scrutiny of that movement's fundraising practices and its ties to Japanese politicians.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

This source names Japan directly: "among and studied the Ainu people of Japan for decades, and this book, published posthumously by Columbia University Press after being edited from his research notes, documents Ainu religious belief..."

Source Ainu Creed and CultNeil Gordon Munro

This source names Japan directly: "its origin with Usui Mikao in 1920s Japan through its transformation and spread across North America and the wider Pacific over the twentieth century."

This source names Japan directly: "was actually practiced in contemporary Japan at the time of his fieldwork, examining household altars, memorial rites and the living relationship between families and their dead."

Source Ancestor Worship in Contemporary JapanRobert J. Smith

This source names Japan directly: "Ernest Mason Satow's Ancient Japanese Rituals, originally published in the Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan in 1879 and available today through the Internet Sacred Text Archive, is an..."

Source Ancient Japanese RitualsErnest Mason Satow (translator)

This source names Japan directly: "one of the three imperial regalia of Japan."

Source Atsuta Jingu (official shrine website)the holders' own account

This source names Japan directly: "1995 membership figure (about 9,000 in Japan, as many as 40,000 worldwide) at the time of the Tokyo subway sarin attack, and a 2004 estimate of 1,500 to 2,000 for its successor Aleph."

Ayutthaya, Cities

This source names Japan directly: "missions from as far as Persia, Japan, the Dutch Republic and France, alongside a royal court that patronized Theravada Buddhist temple building on a scale matched by few other capitals of the period."

Source The Buddhist World of Southeast AsiaDonald K. Swearer

This source names Japan directly: "It belongs to the Mahayana traditions of China, Korea and Japan, which keep the Buddha's birth, enlightenment and death as three separate commemorations."

Source The Princeton Dictionary of BuddhismRobert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr.
Buddhism, Religions

Practiced alongside Shinto since its sixth century introduction from the Asian mainland.

Source Religious Composition of the World, 2010-2020Pew Research Center

This source names Japan directly: "Wikipedia's article on Buddhism in Japan, community-edited."

Source Buddhism in Japan (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Japan directly: "Bushido: The Soul of Japan, Inazo Nitobe's 1900 book from Leeds and Biddle, written in English by a Japanese Quaker convert for a foreign audience, is the book that made the word bushido a household..."

Source Bushido: The Soul of JapanInazo Nitobe

This source names Japan directly: "the bone disease named itai-itai in Japan from contaminated rice, and its use is now heavily restricted."

This source names Japan directly: "ancient, medieval and early modern Japan in one place, rather than treating any single period alone."

Source Cahiers d'Extreme-Asie, vol. 21: The Way of Yin and YangMatthias Hayek and Hartmut O. Rotermund (guest eds.)

This source names Japan directly: "suppression in early Tokugawa Japan, covering the political and religious dimensions of the Shimabara Rebellion and the ideological grounds on which the shogunate treated Christian loyalty as..."

This source names Japan directly: "Dower's Embracing Defeat, Japan in the Wake of World War II, published by W."

This source names Japan directly: "Wikipedia's article on the Emperor of Japan, read directly for this pass, which states that under the Meiji Constitution of 1889 the Emperor held sovereign power in his own right, and that the 1947..."

Emperor Ojin, Figures

This source names Japan directly: "and only after the army returned to Japan did she bear Ojin, whose reign later chroniclers set apart from ordinary rule with an unusually long life and an unbroken run of good fortune."

This source names Japan directly: "own Shinto studies program in Japan, the university most closely associated with Shinto scholarship, giving direct access to Japanese language scholarship on kami, shrines, rites and festivals in..."

Source Encyclopedia of Shinto (Shinto Jiten)Kokugakuin University

This source names Japan directly: "Popular Religious Movements in Modern Japan, Susumu Shimazono's 2004 study from Trans Pacific Press, is a scholarly work by a leading Japanese scholar of religious studies with direct access to..."

This source names Japan directly: "drawn from his own years living in Japan from 1890."

Source Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Japan directly: "article on Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan, Lafcadio Hearn's 1894 two volume, fifteen chapter collection of travel sketches from his 1890 to 1894 years in Japan, stating it "discusses several themes..."

Source Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Japan directly: "edition of Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan, First Series, giving the sixteen part table of contents, which includes chapters devoted to small and remote shrine visits ("The Chief City of the Province..."

Source Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan, First Series (Project Gutenberg)Lafcadio Hearn (digitized text, Project Gutenberg)

This source names Japan directly: "at the Kotoku-in temple in Kamakura, Japan."

Source Great Buddha of Kamakura (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Japan directly: "City, Iwate Prefecture, in northern Japan, begun in the fourteenth or fifteenth century when the people of the region, worshipping Mount Hayachine as a deity, built a performance tradition around..."

Source Hayachine Kagura (UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage)UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
Hirohito, Figures

His reign name, Showa, is used for the era from 1926 to 1989 in Japanese dating.

Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors

This source names Japan directly: "of conflicts across Sengoku period Japan in which leagues of Jodo Shinshu Buddhist priests, peasants, merchants and local warriors, known as Ikko-ikki and organized under the Honganji temple's..."

This source names Japan directly: "article on the Imperial Regalia of Japan carries no named author or peer review process behind any given version of the page, and is continuously subject to further editing."

Source Imperial Regalia of Japan (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Japan directly: "Rescript on the Construction of a New Japan, popularly known as the Ningen Sengen or Humanity Declaration, is Emperor Showa's own 1946 imperial rescript in which he renounced the traditional claim..."

Izanami, Figures

This source names Japan directly: "directions, and bore the islands of Japan and a host of kami."

Source KojikiDonald L. Philippi (translator)

Carried out across Japan under the authority of the Tokugawa shogunate.

This source names Japan directly: "Dobbins is a scholar of Japanese Buddhism, and this Indiana University Press book is his academic history of Jodo Shinshu, the Shin Buddhist school founded on Shinran's teaching, as it developed and..."

This source names Japan directly: "the Rinzai school of Zen Buddhism in Japan after a long period of decline."

Source Kannon by a Lotus Pond, accession 2025.91 (The Metropolitan Museum of Art)The Metropolitan Museum of Art, catalogue entry
Kshitigarbha, Figures

This source names Japan directly: "Known in Japan as Jizo, he is venerated in East Asia as protector of travelers, expectant mothers and, distinctively, of deceased children, whose souls are said to be gathered under his robe..."

Source The Princeton Dictionary of BuddhismRobert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr.

This source names Japan directly: "Max Moerman is a scholar of Japanese religion, and this Harvard University Asia Center book is his scholarly study of the Kumano pilgrimage, examining how the mountainous Kumano region of Japan came..."

This source names Japan directly: "Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan is a scholarly study of mizuko kuyo, the memorial rites for aborted and miscarried fetuses that emerged as a significant commercial and religious practice in..."

Source Marketing the Menacing Fetus in JapanHelen Hardacre
Mizuko Kuyo, Rituals

This source names Japan directly: "date of Confucianism's adoption in Japan, which the article discusses without fixing a year."

Source Neo-Confucianism (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Japan directly: "Of Heretics and Martyrs in Meiji Japan is a scholarly study of Buddhism's persecution during Japan's early Meiji era, when the new government's push toward State Shinto and its haibutsu kishaku..."

Okami, Games

This source names Japan directly: "sent to cleanse a mythic ancient Japan of corruption spread by an eight headed serpent demon."

Source Okami (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Japan directly: "at Church Headquarters, Tenri City, Japan, with the Shinbashira presiding and about two hundred thousand followers returning to Jiba to observe it."

This source names Japan directly: "traditions of China, Korea and Japan, which mark birth, enlightenment and death as three separate commemorations."

Source The Princeton Dictionary of BuddhismRobert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr.

This source names Japan directly: "Ian Reader is a scholar of Japanese religion, and this academic book, published by Routledge, examines contemporary pilgrimage, including Japanese pilgrimage traditions such as the Shikoku circuit..."

Source Pilgrimage in the MarketplaceIan Reader

This source names Japan directly: "Stalker is a historian of modern Japan, not a member of Omoto, and her study of Onisaburo Deguchi was published by an independent university press rather than by the movement itself."

This source names Japan directly: "Religious Violence in Contemporary Japan, published by Curzon Press in 2000, is a scholarly study of Aum Shinrikyo and the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack, examining how the movement's teaching and..."

This source names Japan directly: "and Scriptural Cultures in Ancient Japan, published by the University of Hawai'i Press in 2017, is a scholarly study of the eighth century Japanese state sutra copying bureaus, arguing that the..."

This source names Japan directly: "Vietnam and, in a more limited way, Japan, combining scholarly, ritual and administrative functions in a single role."

Source Sources of Chinese Tradition, Volume 1Wm. Theodore de Bary and Irene Bloom (eds)
Ryukyuan, Pantheons

This source names Japan directly: "of the Ryukyu Islands of southern Japan, chiefly Okinawa."

Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)

This source names Japan directly: "teaching, the movement he began in Japan in 1930 by publishing a small magazine of the same name, Seicho-no-Ie meaning House of Growth."

Source Seimei no Jisso (Truth of Life)Masaharu Taniguchi

Fought on the Shimabara Peninsula of Japan from December 1637 to April 1638, ending in the Tokugawa shogunate's near-total suppression of the region's Christian population at Hara Castle.

Shinto, Religions

Indigenous kami worship practiced alongside Buddhism, without exclusive identification for most adherents.

Source Religious Composition of the World, 2010-2020Pew Research Center

This source names Japan directly: "Japanese immigration to Hawaii and the American West Coast in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries brought Shinto practice with it, and Hilo Daijingu, founded in 1898, became the first..."

Source Overseas Shinto (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Japan directly: "This rule fixes Shogatsu, Japanese New Year, on the first of January and runs three days."

Source Shinto: A HistoryHelen Hardacre

This source names Japan directly: "Green Shinto's reproduction of a Japan Times article, byline Philip Brasor and Masako Tsubuku, on the structural absence of income disclosure at Japanese Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples under..."

This source names Japan directly: "Levi McLaughlin is a scholar of Japanese religion, and this is an academic monograph published by University of Hawai'i Press studying Soka Gakkai, the lay Buddhist movement, as a modern social and..."

This source names Japan directly: "The film opened in Japan on July 20, 2001, runs two hours and four minutes, and became the first hand drawn and first non English language film to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature."

This source names Japan directly: "Parent in Tenri City, Nara Prefecture, Japan, organized into a Medical Treatment Department, a Religious Guidance Department and a Service Department, combining conventional medicine with Tenrikyo..."

This source names Japan directly: "and dispatched to disaster sites in Japan and abroad, including flooding, earthquakes and typhoons, to clear debris, distribute aid and provide medical assistance."

This source names Japan directly: "Boxer's The Christian Century in Japan, 1549 to 1650, University of California Press, 1951, corrected reprint 1967, is the foundational English-language academic study of the whole Kirishitan..."

This source names Japan directly: "The Constitution of Japan, promulgated by the National Diet of Japan in 1947, is the nation's own foundational legal text."

Source The Constitution of JapanNational Diet of Japan

This source names Japan directly: "1274, shortly after word reached Japan of the first Mongol invasion the previous month."

Source The Dai Honzon of 1274 (Gohonzon Shu catalogue, cross-referenced)Gohonzon Shu catalogue project contributors

This source names Japan directly: "de Visser's The Dragon in China and Japan is an early twentieth century scholarly study systematically comparing dragon mythology and religious symbolism across Chinese and Japanese sources, written..."

Source The Dragon in China and JapanMarinus Willem de Visser

This source names Japan directly: "Released in Japan on 8 September 1973, it grossed roughly 1.19 billion yen and was followed by a 1976 sequel, Zoku Ningen Kakumei."

This source names Japan directly: "Turnbull's The Kakure Kirishitan of Japan: A Study of Their Development, Beliefs and Rituals to the Present Day, Japan Library, 1998, is a specialist academic study of the hidden Christian..."

Source The Kakure Kirishitan of JapanStephen Turnbull

This source names Japan directly: "The Kojiki is Japan's oldest surviving chronicle, compiling the country's foundational mythology and early history, and this is Basil Hall Chamberlain's pioneering English translation, published..."

Source The Kojiki: Records of Ancient MattersBasil Hall Chamberlain

The persecution took place across Japan under the new Meiji national government.

Source Haibutsu Kishaku (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Japan directly: "Buddhist teaching in ninth century Japan directly from Kukai's own writings and their historical reception, and its specific relevance here is documenting how the five element doctrine was..."

This source names Japan directly: "of the Tsubaki Grand Shrine in Mie, Japan, described in the article's own words as "the first Shinto shrine built in the mainland United States after World War II." The article also records the..."

Source Tsubaki Grand Shrine Of America (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Japan directly: "of the Tsubaki Grand Shrine in Mie, Japan, founded the Tsubaki Grand Shrine of America in Stockton, California, the first Shinto shrine built on the US mainland since the Second World War."

Source Tsubaki Grand Shrine Of America (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Japan directly: "in late Muromachi and Sengoku period Japan, published by the Harvard University Asia Center in 2007."

This source names Japan directly: "mobilization after the Great East Japan Earthquake, independently corroborating that Tenrikyo's Disaster Relief Hinokishin Corps campaign, running for more than four months, involved roughly 18,600..."

This source names Japan directly: "Xuanzang, unearthed in 1942 during Japanese wartime construction work in Nanjing, and its subsequent division among temples in China, Japan, Taiwan and India."

Source Xuanzang Temple, Nanjing (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Japan directly: "history across both China and Japan, with this second volume tracing the Japanese Soto and Rinzai schools specifically through their documented historical development rather than presenting Zen as..."

Source Zen Buddhism: A History, Volume 2: JapanHeinrich Dumoulin

Contains

Ayabe, Sacred Sites
Source Omotokyo (Encyclopedia.com)Encyclopedia.com contributors
Jiba, Sacred Sites
Source Tenrikyo (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Source Konkokyo (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Kyoto, Cities

Kyoto lies within modern Japan and was its imperial capital from 794 to 1868.

Source Kyoto: A Cultural HistoryJohn Dougill
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors
Source The Princeton Dictionary of BuddhismRobert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr.
Nara, Cities
Source Ryukyuan Religion (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

Namesake Of

Nihonium is named for Nihon, one of the Japanese names for Japan. Named in 2016 by the RIKEN team, the first element named for an East Asian country.

Originated Here

Ainu, Cultures

Hokkaido, now part of Japan, is the center of Ainu life and of the modern Ainu revival.

Source The Ainu and Their Folk-LoreJohn Batchelor

An equinoctial observance particular to Japanese Buddhism, with no Indian precedent.

Source The Princeton Dictionary of BuddhismRobert E. Buswell Jr. and Donald S. Lopez Jr.

The Japanese doll festival of the third day of the third month.

Source Encyclopedia of Shinto (Shinto Jiten)Kokugakuin University

Ho No Hana arose in Japan.

Source World Religions and Spirituality ProjectDavid G. Bromley (founding director) and the profile authors of record
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)Encyclopaedia Britannica editors

The Japanese new year, and the largest observance of the shrine calendar.

Source Encyclopedia of Shinto (Shinto Jiten)Kokugakuin University

Spread Events Here

Source Buddhism in Japan (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

Kagoshima, Satsuma domain, Kyushu.

Source History Of Tenrikyo (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Source History Of Tenrikyo (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors
Source The Life of Oyasama, Foundress of TenrikyoTenrikyo Church Headquarters (Tenrikyo Overseas Department, translator)

Urakami village, near Nagasaki.

Source The Kakure Kirishitan of JapanStephen Turnbull

Nationwide, with the severest violence in Kyushu.

In the Other Atlases
Sources
1. Religious Composition of the World, 2010-2020
Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center, 2025View the Source
2. The World Factbook (Central Intelligence Agency)
Central Intelligence Agency, Central Intelligence AgencyView the Source
3. Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2024View the Source
4. The Constitution of Japan
National Diet of Japan, Government of Japan (National Diet of Japan), 1947
5. International Religious Freedom Report
United States Department of State, Office of International Religious Freedom, US Department of State, 2023View the Source
6. Court in Japan Orders the Dissolution of the Unification Church (Associated Press via PBS NewsHour, 2025)
Mari Yamaguchi, The Associated Press, via PBS NewsHour, 2025View the Source
7. Religious Violence in Contemporary Japan: The Case of Aum Shinrikyo
Ian Reader, Curzon Press, 2000
8. Holy See-Japan Relations (Wikipedia)
The Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd edition
Oxford University Press, Oxford University Pressdemonym / adjectival formView the Source
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