Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
Denominations

The Episcopal Church

Also Known As TEC · Episcopal Church · Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America
Christianity

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Origin 1789

The Episcopal Church is the Anglican province of the United States, constituted in 1789 once the American Revolution had severed its clergy from any oath to the British Crown. Its first bishop, Samuel Seabury, was consecrated at Aberdeen in 1784 by Scottish bishops who required no such oath, and the American eucharistic prayer carries that Scottish inheritance still. It is a small denomination that has been disproportionately visible in American public life, and its decisions have repeatedly moved the wider Anglican Communion.

Facts
Belief
Defining Doctrinal Position
Trinitarian: one God in three persons 2
Its own record names it the Anglican province of the United States, matching Anglicanism, already carried as trinitarian.
Defining Doctrinal Position
Chalcedonian: two natures in the one person of Christ (Chalcedon, 451) 2
Its own record names it the Anglican province of the United States, matching Anglicanism, already carried as chalcedonian.
Position on Sexuality
Same-sex marriage is performed and LGBT clergy are ordained on equal terms with heterosexual clergy 3 4 5
Ordained ministry opened to gay and lesbian individuals in 2009 (Resolution D025). Same-sex marriage rites were authorized in 2015 (Resolutions A036 and A054) but a diocesan bishop who objected could still withhold access locally; that gap closed on 2 December 2018, when Resolution B012 took effect and guaranteed every couple access to the marriage rites everywhere in the denomination.
Sexuality Position Detail
The Episcopal Church reached its current position in three stages. Resolution 2009-D025 affirmed that ordained ministry, at every level, is open to gay and lesbian individuals, ending an informal moratorium the church had observed since 2006. Resolutions A036 and A054, adopted 1 July 2015, revised the marriage canon to remove its definition of marriage as between a man and a woman and authorized two gender-neutral marriage rites for trial use, but access still depended on the consent of the local diocesan bishop, so a handful of dioceses did not make the rites available. Resolution B012 closed that gap: passed 13 July 2018 and effective 2 December 2018, it guarantees every couple access to the marriage rites everywhere in the denomination, providing that a couple in a diocese whose bishop objects on theological grounds may be married by their own priest under another bishop's pastoral oversight. No clergy member is compelled to officiate at any wedding. 3
Position Profile
Key Text
The Book of Common Prayer, in its American revisions. 2
Practice
Liturgical Language
The vernacular 2
Accountability
Response Policy Adopted
Title IV of the Church's Constitution and Canons governs clergy discipline for sexual misconduct, with a graduated statute of limitations by offense and none at all for the sexual abuse of a child. Every diocese maintains an Intake Officer to receive complaints under the process. 11
History
Separation or Divergence
Organised as an independent province after the American Revolution, once clergy could no longer swear the oath of allegiance to the British Crown required of Church of England ordinands. 2
Finances
Institutional Wealth or Finances
The Church Pension Fund, chartered in 1914 by the New York State Legislature to administer The Episcopal Church's clergy and lay pension system, reports total net assets of approximately 17.47 billion US dollars (17,474,370,585 dollars) as of March 31, 2024 in its Ernst and Young LLP-audited combined financial statements, covering the Clergy Pension Plan, the Episcopal Church Lay Employees' Retirement Plan and the Staff Retirement Plan of the Church Pension Fund and Affiliates together; this figure does not include the separate assets of The Church Insurance Companies or Church Publishing Incorporated, its affiliated companies, which are reported at their own carrying values within the total. 9
Basis of the Wealth Figure
Audited Annual Report 9
Financial Disclosure Regime
The Church Pension Fund is a tax-exempt public charity under section 501(c)(3) of the US Internal Revenue Code, exempt from filing the public Form 990 information return since it qualifies under sections 509(a)(1) and 170(b)(1)(A)(i), though it files a Form 990-T and state equivalents to report unrelated business taxable income from certain alternative investments. Its combined financial statements are nonetheless independently audited and voluntarily published in full each year as part of its own Annual Report. 9
Wealth Figure As Of Year
2024 9
Giving
Standing Giving Expectation
The Episcopal Church's General Convention resolved in 1982, and has repeatedly reaffirmed since, that the biblical tithe, giving ten percent of income, is the minimum standard of giving for Episcopalians, with the deputies and bishops present pledging to tithe or work toward it as their own standard and calling the wider church to do the same. Parish stewardship programs commonly frame a member's pledge as proportional giving, working a rising percentage toward that tithe rather than requiring it outright from the start, and no interview or standing requirement ties a member's status to whether they in fact reach it. 10
Standard Rate Expected
Ten percent. 10
How the Expectation Is Enforced
Preached Expectation, Not Enforced 10
Attributions
Church Family
Anglican 1
Origins
Origin Period
1789 2
Place of Origin
United States. 1
Founder
No single founder. Constituted in 1789 as an independent province, with Samuel Seabury consecrated its first bishop at Aberdeen in 1784. 1
A province reorganised after the American Revolution rather than founded by one person, dated in its own record.
Organisation
Governance
Episcopal: governed by bishops 2
Ordination
Open to women and men 6 7
Ordination Practice Detail
Ordains women to all three orders; first regular ordinations of women priests 1976, first woman bishop 1989 6
Relation to the State
Disestablished 8
The Church of England was the established church of colonial Virginia and several other Southern colonies, with parishes funded by public tax and settlers required to swear allegiance to the Crown as head of the church; Thomas Jefferson's Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom ended that establishment in 1786, the renamed Protestant Episcopal Church lost its remaining public support, and the First Amendment barred a national establishment in 1791.
Status
Status Today
Living tradition, practised today 1
Trajectory
Membership Over Time
By 2023, Episcopal Church membership had fallen to 1,547,779 active baptized members across 6,754 congregations, according to the same parochial report data, though average Sunday attendance recovered to just under 411,000 that year, up from a pandemic low of 310,000 in 2021. 12
Membership Over Time
In 2010, the Episcopal Church reported approximately 1.96 million baptized members across 7,067 domestic congregations, according to the denomination's own annual parochial report data. 12
Membership Figure As Of
2010-01-01 12
Membership Figure As Of
2023-01-01 12
Basis of the Membership Figure
Church-Reported Rolls 12
Learn More
Seabury at Aberdeen, and a Church Built After a Revolution

Independence left American Anglicans in an impossible position. They had no bishops of their own, having always depended on the Bishop of London, and an English consecration required an oath of allegiance to a crown they had just fought a war against. Without a bishop there could be no ordinations, and without ordinations the church would die out within a generation.

Samuel Seabury, elected by the clergy of Connecticut, went to London, could not obtain what he needed, and went north instead. The Scottish Episcopal Church, itself disestablished and legally penalised, had bishops who owed the House of Hanover nothing, and three of them consecrated Seabury at Aberdeen in 1784. In return he undertook to commend the Scottish form of the eucharistic prayer to his church, and the American prayer of consecration accordingly follows a Scottish rather than an English pattern, including an explicit invocation of the Holy Spirit. A church born of an English establishment carries a Scottish liturgy because of a political impossibility in 1784.

The constitution adopted in 1789 built a governing structure that had no English model either. General Convention meets in two houses, one of bishops and one of clerical and lay deputies, and both must concur. Laity vote on doctrine, liturgy and canons from the beginning, and dioceses elect their own bishops. The result is a church with Anglican orders and a convention polity that owes as much to the young republic as to Canterbury.

Prayer Books, Decisions, and the Wider Communion

The church revises its prayer book roughly once a lifetime, and each revision has been an argument about what the church is. The book of 1979 was the most consequential: it made the eucharist rather than morning prayer the normal Sunday service, printed traditional and contemporary language side by side, and set baptism and its covenant at the centre of the church self-understanding. A minority left over it, and some continuing Anglican bodies date from that revision rather than from any later dispute.

Decisions about ministry followed a similar pattern. Eleven women were ordained priest in Philadelphia in 1974 by bishops acting without canonical authority; General Convention regularised the position in 1976, and the first woman was consecrated bishop in 1989. In 2003 the diocese of New Hampshire elected and the church consented to the consecration of Gene Robinson, a bishop in a same-sex relationship.

That decision had effects across the Anglican Communion, whose provinces are autonomous and bound by mutual recognition rather than by any legislature. Several provinces declared broken or impaired communion, a realignment movement in North America formed the Anglican Church in North America in 2009, and prolonged litigation over parish and diocesan property followed. The atlas records the decisions, the reactions and the litigation as events, and does not adjudicate the theological question they turned on.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

This source names The Episcopal Church directly: "The Episcopal Church's own archival record of Resolution 2009-D025, adopted 14 July 2009 at the 76th General Convention, affirming that ordained ministry in The Episcopal Church is open to gay and..."

This source names Episcopal Church directly: "traditionalists who had left the Episcopal Church and the Anglican Church of Canada over the ordination of women and of an openly gay bishop, organised through the Common Cause Partnership formed in..."

Source Anglican Church in North America (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names Episcopal Church directly: "Pension Fund Clergy Pension Plan, The Episcopal Church Lay Employees' Retirement Plan and The Staff Retirement Plan of The Church Pension Fund and Affiliates, for the years ended March 31, 2024 and..."

This source names The Episcopal Church directly: "inauguration of full communion between the Episcopal Church and the Moravian Church's Northern and Southern Provinces at Central Moravian Church in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, independently..."

This source names The Episcopal Church directly: "inaugurating full communion between the Episcopal Church and the Moravian Church's Northern and Southern Provinces, naming the officiants, describing the joint liturgy, and giving the 2009 General..."

This source names The Episcopal Church directly: "to 90.771 million in 2015, even as the Episcopal Church in the United States roughly halved over the same period and the Communion's center of gravity shifted toward Africa, which grew from 7.718..."

This source names The Episcopal Church directly: "relationships: full communion with the Episcopal Church, voted by the Northern Province on 18 June 2010 and the Southern Province in September 2010, and a covenant partnership, short of full..."

Source Moravian Church (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names The Episcopal Church directly: "four essentials for church unity that the Episcopal Church's House of Bishops had first put forward at Chicago in 1886: the Scriptures as containing all things necessary to salvation, the Apostles'..."

Source The Chicago-Lambeth QuadrilateralThe Lambeth Conferencethe holders' own account

This source names The Episcopal Church directly: "here, and sixty seven years before the Episcopal Church separated from the Church of England in 1784, also recorded here, a sermon preached before King George I set off the dispute that silenced the..."

This source names The Episcopal Church directly: "in America series, 2004, traces the Episcopal Church from colonial Anglicanism's loss of state establishment after the American Revolution, through Samuel Seabury's 1784 consecration by non-juring..."

Source The EpiscopaliansDavid Hein and Gardiner H. Shattuck Jr.

This source names The Episcopal Church directly: "On 10 February 2011, representatives of the Episcopal Church and the Moravian Church's Northern and Southern Provinces gathered at Central Moravian Church in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, to formally..."

This source names The Episcopal Church directly: "of the Constitution and Canons of The Episcopal Church governing ecclesiastical discipline for clergy, including sexual misconduct."

This source names Episcopal Church directly: "Its members had left the Episcopal Church and the Anglican Church of Canada over the ordination of women and of an openly gay bishop, organizing first through the Common Cause Partnership formed in..."

Source Anglican Church in North America (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

This source names The Episcopal Church directly: "arm eighty three years before the Episcopal Church, newly independent, separated from it in 1784, already recorded here."

Source Our History (USPG)

This source names Episcopal Church directly: "Conference: it names the Scottish Episcopal Church as having approved same sex marriage on second reading in 2017, with the first such wedding in the British Isles on 1 August 2017, the Church in..."

Belongs to Tradition

Branch Of

Contained In

A member province of the Anglican Communion.

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

Classified as mainline Protestant tradition per Pew Research Center's 2023-24 Religious Landscape Study.

Critiqued

Eucharistic adoration, Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Article XXVIII holds that the sacrament of the Lord's Supper was not by Christ's ordinance reserved, carried about, lifted up, or worshipped.

None (Ninth Hour), Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. None was not carried into the Prayer Book, for the same stated reason.

Prime, Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Prime was not carried into the Prayer Book. The Preface Concerning the Service of the Church says plainly that the ancient orders had become so altered and broken that they were put aside for one book with two daily services.

The Episcopal Church was constituted in 1789 with no crown role of any kind, its first bishop having been consecrated in 1784 by Scottish bishops who required no oath to the British Crown; it elects its own bishops and has never been established.

Source Encyclopedia of American ReligionsJ. Gordon Melton
Seven Sacraments, Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Article XXV holds that there are two sacraments ordained of Christ in the Gospel, and that the other five are not to be counted for sacraments of the Gospel.

Sext, Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Sext was not carried into the Prayer Book, for the same stated reason.

Terce, Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Terce was not carried into the Prayer Book, for the same stated reason.

Veneration of icons, Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Article XXII names the worshipping and adoration of images and of relics among the things it calls a fond thing vainly invented and grounded upon no warranty of Scripture.

Veneration of saints and Mary, Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Article XXII names the invocation of saints in the same sentence, and the Prayer Book addresses no prayer to any saint.

Holds Element

Held in the Episcopal Church with the same administrative function, though the office is used unevenly between dioceses.

Source The Thirty-Nine Articles of ReligionChurch of Englandthe holders' own account

Held in the threefold Anglican ministry, with bishops elected by the diocese rather than appointed by the crown.

Source The Thirty-Nine Articles of ReligionChurch of Englandthe holders' own account

The Episcopal Church is organised into dioceses whose bishops are elected by the diocese itself and confirmed by the wider church.

Negro Spirituals, Sacred Sound

Carried into authorised use by the church's supplemental hymnal, which set the spirituals beside the standard hymnody rather than below it.

Appointed as O Gracious Light at Evening Prayer in the prayer book of 1979, which brought the Greek lamp-lighting hymn into an English office that had never carried it.

The stole in the colour of the season is ordinary across the Episcopal Church, whose vesture settled toward the catholic end of Anglican practice in the twentieth century.

The Episcopal Church was among the founding member churches.

Held Differently

The Episcopal Church uses its own Book of Common Prayer, revised in 1979, which reordered the eucharist as the principal Sunday service and is a different book from the English one under the same name.

1 Esdras, Scriptures & Texts

Named in Article VI of the Thirty-Nine Articles, 1571, among the books the Church reads for example of life and instruction of manners but does not apply to establish any doctrine. Printed and appointed to be read, at a status deliberately short of the canon affirmed at Trent in 1546.

Source The Thirty-Nine Articles of ReligionChurch of Englandthe holders' own account
2 Esdras, Scriptures & Texts

Named in Article VI of the Thirty-Nine Articles, 1571, among the books the Church reads for example of life and instruction of manners but does not apply to establish any doctrine. Printed and appointed to be read, at a status deliberately short of the canon affirmed at Trent in 1546.

Source The Thirty-Nine Articles of ReligionChurch of Englandthe holders' own account
Additions to Daniel, Scriptures & Texts

Named in Article VI of the Thirty-Nine Articles, 1571, among the books the Church reads for example of life and instruction of manners but does not apply to establish any doctrine. Printed and appointed to be read, at a status deliberately short of the canon affirmed at Trent in 1546.

Source The Thirty-Nine Articles of ReligionChurch of Englandthe holders' own account
Additions to Esther, Scriptures & Texts

Named in Article VI of the Thirty-Nine Articles, 1571, among the books the Church reads for example of life and instruction of manners but does not apply to establish any doctrine. Printed and appointed to be read, at a status deliberately short of the canon affirmed at Trent in 1546.

Source The Thirty-Nine Articles of ReligionChurch of Englandthe holders' own account
Book of Baruch, Scriptures & Texts

Named in Article VI of the Thirty-Nine Articles, 1571, among the books the Church reads for example of life and instruction of manners but does not apply to establish any doctrine. Printed and appointed to be read, at a status deliberately short of the canon affirmed at Trent in 1546.

Source The Thirty-Nine Articles of ReligionChurch of Englandthe holders' own account
Book of Judith, Scriptures & Texts

Named in Article VI of the Thirty-Nine Articles, 1571, among the books the Church reads for example of life and instruction of manners but does not apply to establish any doctrine. Printed and appointed to be read, at a status deliberately short of the canon affirmed at Trent in 1546.

Source The Thirty-Nine Articles of ReligionChurch of Englandthe holders' own account
Book of Tobit, Scriptures & Texts

Named in Article VI of the Thirty-Nine Articles, 1571, among the books the Church reads for example of life and instruction of manners but does not apply to establish any doctrine. Printed and appointed to be read, at a status deliberately short of the canon affirmed at Trent in 1546.

Source The Thirty-Nine Articles of ReligionChurch of Englandthe holders' own account
Books of the Maccabees, Scriptures & Texts

Named in Article VI of the Thirty-Nine Articles, 1571, among the books the Church reads for example of life and instruction of manners but does not apply to establish any doctrine. Printed and appointed to be read, at a status deliberately short of the canon affirmed at Trent in 1546.

Source The Thirty-Nine Articles of ReligionChurch of Englandthe holders' own account
Prayer of Manasseh, Scriptures & Texts

Named in Article VI of the Thirty-Nine Articles, 1571, among the books the Church reads for example of life and instruction of manners but does not apply to establish any doctrine. Printed and appointed to be read, at a status deliberately short of the canon affirmed at Trent in 1546.

Source The Thirty-Nine Articles of ReligionChurch of Englandthe holders' own account
Wisdom of Sirach, Scriptures & Texts

Named in Article VI of the Thirty-Nine Articles, 1571, among the books the Church reads for example of life and instruction of manners but does not apply to establish any doctrine. Printed and appointed to be read, at a status deliberately short of the canon affirmed at Trent in 1546.

Source The Thirty-Nine Articles of ReligionChurch of Englandthe holders' own account
Wisdom of Solomon, Scriptures & Texts

Named in Article VI of the Thirty-Nine Articles, 1571, among the books the Church reads for example of life and instruction of manners but does not apply to establish any doctrine. Printed and appointed to be read, at a status deliberately short of the canon affirmed at Trent in 1546.

Source The Thirty-Nine Articles of ReligionChurch of Englandthe holders' own account

Members

Alan Watts, Historical Figures

Ordained an Episcopal priest on Ascension Day 1945 at Seabury-Western Theological Seminary and served as chaplain to students at Northwestern University; resigned the priesthood in August 1950 and never returned to ordained ministry in any tradition.

Source Alan Watts (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

Objects and Practices of This Tradition

Agnus Dei, Prayers

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. The offertory sentences of the communion service are a sustained instruction on giving to the poor, and the alms are collected at that point in the rite.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. The Prayer Book provides for the visitation and the anointing of the sick, and the Articles decline to number it among the two sacraments of the gospel.

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)
Baptism, Rituals

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Baptism is ordinarily by pouring, and the Articles call it a sign of regeneration by which the promises of forgiveness are visibly signed and sealed.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. The baptismal covenant is the framework of the catechism and of the renewal of vows at Easter.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line.

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)
Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Religious orders were dissolved in the sixteenth century and refounded from 1841 onward, so that this church now has communities of monks and nuns under vows.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. The Thanksgiving of Women after Child-birth, commonly called the Churching of Women, is a service of the Prayer Book.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line.

Compline, Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Compline was not in the sixteenth-century books and was restored in the twentieth, and it is now in general use.

Confession, Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Anglicanism keeps auricular confession available but not required, summarised in the maxim that all may, none must, some should; a general confession said by the whole congregation is the ordinary form.

Confirmation, Rituals

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Confirmation is conferred by a bishop at an age of discretion, and the Prayer Book requires the candidate to renew the promises made at baptism in person.

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)
Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)
Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)

Episcopal Relief and Development is the official humanitarian and development agency of The Episcopal Church, so linked to it directly.

Fasting, Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. The Prayer Book sets out a table of the fasts of the church: Ash Wednesday, the forty days of Lent, the ember days, the rogation days and the Fridays of the year.

Funeral Rites, Rituals

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. The Order for the Burial of the Dead is in the Prayer Book, and the sixteenth-century books removed the prayers for the dead that the medieval rite had carried.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line.

Gloria Patri, Prayers

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line.

Holy Orders, Rituals

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. The threefold order of bishops, priests and deacons was retained, and since the twentieth century women have been ordained to all three orders in most provinces, which is the sharpest present difference from Rome and the Orthodox churches.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. The Articles direct that the baptism of young children is in any wise to be retained as most agreeable with the institution of Christ.

Intinction, Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Intinction is widely used, and the church has argued about it, since the Prayer Book directs that the cup be given to each communicant.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. The Roman sequence of colours was retained in use and was made explicit again in the modern service books.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. The marriage service of the Prayer Book, with its vow to have and to hold, is the ancestor of the wedding words used across the English-speaking world, including by people of no religion.

Matins, Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Morning Prayer is the surviving daily office, and it is Matins and Lauds combined into one service. The reduction of eight hours to two was deliberate and is the plainest liturgical difference between this church and Rome.

Monastic Vows, Rituals

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Vows of poverty, chastity and obedience are made in the refounded religious communities of this church.

Source The Thirty-Nine Articles of ReligionChurch of Englandthe holders' own account
Nunc Dimittis, Prayers

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Sunday is kept as the Lord's Day with the duty of public worship, without the sabbatarian rigour the Reformed churches attached to it.

Pilgrimage, Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Pilgrimage was suppressed at the Reformation and revived from the nineteenth century onward, most visibly at Walsingham.

Prayer, Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Prayer is shaped by a single authorised book rather than by a devotional culture, so that a congregation anywhere says the same words on the same day.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line.

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)
The Anaphora, Rituals

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. The Prayer of Consecration is the Anglican anaphora, and the arrangement of its parts differs between the English, Scottish and American books.

William Reed Huntington's four points were adopted by the Episcopal Church's General Convention at Chicago in 1886 and, in the form that carries both names, by the Lambeth Conference of 1888 as the Anglican terms of reunion.

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)
The Epiclesis, Rituals

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. The invocation of the Spirit was in the 1549 book, removed in 1552, and restored in the Scottish and American books, from which it came back into the modern English ones.

The Fraction, Rituals

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. The breaking of the bread is a distinct action of the rite and in the modern books has its own words.

The Episcopal Church ended its own moratorium on ordaining partnered gay and lesbian clergy by Resolution 2009-D025 in 2009, revised its marriage canon in 2015 to remove the definition of marriage as between a man and a woman, and in 2018 guaranteed every couple access to the marriage rite even in a diocese whose own bishop objects.

Source General Convention Approves Marriage Equality (Episcopal News Service)Sharon Sheridanthe holders' own account
Additional Source Acts of Convention: Resolution 2009-D025 (Episcopal Archives)Resolution 2009-D025, ending the informal moratorium on gay and lesbian ordination
Additional Source Convention Lets Its Yes Be Yes: Full Access to Trial-Use Marriage Rites (Episcopal News Service, 2018)Mary Frances SchjonbergResolution B012, guaranteeing marriage rite access regardless of diocesan bishop
The Grace, Prayers

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line.

Source The Chicago-Lambeth QuadrilateralThe Lambeth Conferencethe holders' own account
Source The Nicene-Constantinopolitan CreedFirst Council of Constantinoplethe holders' own account
Source The Hymnal 1982 (Wikipedia)Wikipedia contributors

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. Anglicans call it Holy Communion, the Eucharist or the Mass according to churchmanship, and the Thirty-Nine Articles reject transubstantiation while leaving the manner of Christ's presence deliberately undefined.

Source The Nicene-Constantinopolitan CreedFirst Council of Constantinoplethe holders' own account

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. The words of institution stand in the Prayer of Consecration, and the Articles deny that the sacrament was ordained to be gazed upon or carried about.

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line. The book is Anglicanism's common thread in place of a magisterium, holding morning and evening prayer, communion, baptism, marriage and burial in one volume in the people's hands. Each province has its own version and modern-language rites are now more used, but the 1662 book remains legall

Vespers, Practices

Kept in the Episcopal Church, whose own Prayer Book descends from the Scottish rather than the English line.

Source The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editionF. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.)
Sources
1. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised edition
F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.), Oxford University Press, 2005View the Source
2. The Study of Anglicanism
Stephen Sykes, John Booty and Jonathan Knight (eds.), SPCK / Fortress Press, 1998
3. Convention Lets Its Yes Be Yes: Full Access to Trial-Use Marriage Rites (Episcopal News Service, 2018)
Mary Frances Schjonberg, Episcopal News Service, 2018the live sexuality-position and its 2018 universal-access dateView the Source
3. Convention Lets Its Yes Be Yes: Full Access to Trial-Use Marriage Rites (Episcopal News Service, 2018)
Mary Frances Schjonberg, Episcopal News Service, 2018Objects and Practices of This Tradition: The full inclusion of LGBTQ people in ordination and marriage, Resolution B012, guaranteeing marriage rite access regardless of diocesan bishopView the Source
4. Acts of Convention: Resolution 2009-D025 (Episcopal Archives)
The Episcopal Church (Episcopal Archives), 2009the 2009 ordination milestone in the sexuality-position historyView the Source
4. Acts of Convention: Resolution 2009-D025 (Episcopal Archives)
The Episcopal Church (Episcopal Archives), 2009Objects and Practices of This Tradition: The full inclusion of LGBTQ people in ordination and marriage, Resolution 2009-D025, ending the informal moratorium on gay and lesbian ordinationView the Source
5. General Convention Approves Marriage Equality (Episcopal News Service)
Sharon Sheridan, Episcopal News Service, 2015the 2015 marriage canon change in the sexuality-position historythe holders' own accountView the Source
6. Encyclopedia of American Religions
J. Gordon Melton, Gale, 2009View the Source
7. Marking the 40th Anniversary of General Convention's Approval of Women's Ordination (Episcopal News Service)
Episcopal News Service
8. Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2024View the Source
9. Clear Commitment. Clear Focus. Clear Vision.: 2024 Annual Report, with Audited Combined Financial Statements
Church Pension Group / The Church Pension Fund, audited by Ernst and Young LLP, 2024View the Source
10. General Convention Resolution 1982-A116
The Episcopal Church, General Convention (Journal of the General Convention, New Orleans, 1982, page C-111), archived by the Episcopal Church Archives, 1982View the Source
11. Title IV of the Canons of The Episcopal Church
The Episcopal Church, General Convention, 2009View the Source
12. Episcopal Church 2023 Parochial Report Data Shows Recovery from Pandemic Attendance Lows
Episcopal News Service (The Episcopal Church), 2024View the Source
The Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral
The Lambeth Conference, 1888the holders' own account
The Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion
Church of England, 1571the Articles retained as historical documents in the American bookthe holders' own accountView the Source
The First Assembly of the World Council of Churches, Amsterdam 1948: Official Report
W. A. Visser 't Hooft (ed.), SCM Press, 1949
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